open-climate.ai Research https://open-climate.ai/docs/research/ Dated studies on emission factors: what we measured, how, and what it means for a carbon inventory. en How wrong are spend-based GHG estimates? We measured it https://open-climate.ai/docs/research/spend-based-estimates/ https://open-climate.ai/docs/research/spend-based-estimates/ We tested EXIOBASE, Open CEDA and USEEIO against 7,040 EPDs. Half the spend-based estimates were off by more than a factor of 2. Robin Dierckx Mon, 19 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT