Value, own operations (direct only)
3.31kgCO₂e/kg
Biogenic CO₂ and land use excluded · GWP100 · AR5
FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂GHG Protocol and IPCC inventories- Region
- South-Eastern Asia
- Boundary
- Own operations
- Data quality
- LowRated by us, not by the source
- Licence
- Open · FAOSTAT terms
Where 3.31 comes from
FAOSTAT prints this factor as a single figure, with no parts to add up and no split by gas.
Reporting this kilogram under the GHG Protocol
Scope 3, category 1 3.31
Goods and services you buy are Scope 3, category 1, purchased goods and services.
The factor, standardised
Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.
Food and agriculture › Animal products · South-Eastern Asia · per kg · Average
Own operations · Excl. biogenic CO₂ · AR5
- BoundaryOwn operationsThe direct emissions of the producing industry or activity itself, per unit of its output or spend: its own fuel combustion, process and fugitive releases. Learn more
- Own operations
- Fugitive releases and manufacturing
- GWP methodWhich IPCC assessment report's warming potentials convert each gas to CO₂e, and over how many years the warming is counted (GWP100: 100 years). Learn more
- IPCC AR5, 100-year horizon
- As printed by FAOSTAT
- CO₂e basisWhich carbon the CO₂e counts. Fossil only leaves out biogenic methane, land-use change and biogenic CO₂; excl. biogenic CO₂ counts biogenic methane but not the other two; net total counts every pool, net of removals. The same activity on two bases is two different numbers. Learn more
- Excl. biogenic CO₂FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂GHG Protocol and IPCC inventories
- Not split by gas; CO₂e only
- Life cycle
- Upstream: not coveredProduction: partly coveredDownstream: not coveredEnd of life: not covered
Low quality · Open licence · 1961 to now
All values
63 values, one per year back to 1961. Every one is biogenic CO₂ and land use excluded, AR5 GWP100, so the years compare directly.
2023 onwards3.31Default value
- Default: what search and the API return when you ask for nothing specific
What this number covers
What FAOSTAT counts in the figure for one kilogram, phase by phase.
Production
- Fugitive releases
- Manufacturing
Partly included3.31Your record
1 kg in your records. The factor is per kg.
= 3.31
Outside this boundary
- Inbound transport
- Raw materials
- Upstream fuel (well-to-tank)
- Fuel combustion
- Packaging
- Purchased electricity and heat
- Business travel
- Capital goods
- Employee commuting
- Overheads and services
FAOSTAT does not count any of this in the figure for one kilogram.
From FAOSTAT's record to a comparable factor
FAOSTAT publishes this factor as one record, and a new record every year. Here is each field as printed and what open-climate.ai made of it.
About this factor
FAOSTAT publishes no description for this food. Filed under Livestock.
Source and licence
- Publisher
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT)
- Library
- FAOSTAT
- Record
- EI:5304:951:71761:2023
- Published
- 20 February 2026
The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.
Datasets shall not be used for or in conjunction with the promotion of a commercial enterprise and/or its product(s) or services (s), and/or in any way that suggests that FAO endorses any specific company, products or services. Furthermore, you shall not use FAO datasets in a manner that falsifies or misrepresents their content.
Cite this factor
FAO. 2026. FAOSTAT: Emissions intensities. Accessed on 7 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/EI Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/faostat/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-faostat-raw_milk_of_buffalo-un_se_asia-kg-own_operations-a76e2543/?v=efv1-1376a0a23eea6647106c8f537364638f
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