HV and SB bolt sets

The data selected for LCA originate from ITB-LCI questionnaires completed by Koelner Rawlplug IP Sp. z o. o. and verified during data audit. No data collected is older than five years and no generic datasets used are older than ten years. The representativeness, completeness, reliability, and consistency is judged as very good. The background data for the processes come from the following resources database Ecoinvent v.3.10. Specific (LCI) data quality analysis was a part of the input data verification. The allocation rules used for this EPD are based on general ITB ’s document PCR A. Production of a HV and SB bolt sets is a line process (as presented in Figure 2) conducted in the manufacturing plant located in Lancut (Poland). Input and output data from the production is inventoried and allocated to the production on the mass basis. The declaration covers all types of HV and SB Bolts produced in the plant. Their production resources and processing stages are basically similar, so it is possible to average the production by product weight. In the assessment, all available data from production have been considered, i.e. all raw materials/elements used as per formulation process, utilized thermal energy for heating, and electric power consumption. Thus, material and energy flows contributing less than 1 % of mass or energy have been considered. It can be assumed that the total sum of neglected processes does not exceed 1 % of energy usage and mass per modules A or D. Machines and facilities required during production are neglected. The packaging products (cartoons, foils, wooden pallets, etc.) are included.

The manufactured high-strength HV sets for prestressed connections covered by this EPD comply with the requirements of the harmonized EN 14399 and EN 1090-2 standards. The highest quality of HV sets results, among others, from the implemented and rigorously observed production process. The ERP system adapted to the needs assigns a unique number to each production batch. This allows for 100% identification of HV sets and easy access to detailed test results. The system also collects complete information on individual operations, status and their start and end dates. Production is monitored on an ongoing basis and the data is archived. The high quality of the raw material results from the possibility of identifying the steel grade and the melt number used to produce HV sets. The suppliers of wire rod are only renowned steel mills from Europe, guaranteeing that our quality requirements are met. This allows for the flawless execution of the heat treatment process - one of the most important processes for mechanical properties in the entire production of high-strength HV screws. The process is carried out according to the CQI-9 standard, and the correctness of its application is confirmed by the admission of Koelner Rawlplug IP Sp. z o. o. to the elite group of suppliers of the Volkswagen group. The hot-dip galvanizing process is carried out according to the DSV-GAV standards and the ISO 10684 standard. HV sets are available for sale from stock in the range of M12 - M36 - EN, DE.SB screw sets for non-preloaded connections according to EN 15048. SB sets should be installed using controlled torques, the values of which are given in the installation instructions. Installation in accordance with the recommendations significantly increases the self-locking of the connection, thus reducing the risk of the sets unscrewing. Detailed installation guidelines improve work and increase the repeatability of installation, thus increasing the safety of the connection. The recommended installation torques were determined by experts in the company's laboratory, using a Kistler type machine. The tests adopted rigorous requirements for the sets. Among other things, the yield strength and maximum clamping force of the screw connection were tested, as well as resistance to elongation by using a high value of the additional rotation angle. The products are available directly from stock in the M10-M30 range. The factory's products meet the requirements of Regulation (EU) 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products. All additional technical information about the product is available on the manufacturer's website.