Emission factor from EPD Danmark EPD, industry average
Ready-mixed concrete (exposure classes XD2, XD3, XS3, XF4 and XA3) - C40/
Europe · EPD total · Reference year 2021
Value per litre, over the modules the EPD declares
0.487kgCO₂e/L
EN 15804 modules A1 to B1 · Net total: fossil, biogenic and land use · GWP100 · AR4
Derived by open-climate.ai: the sum of EPD Danmark's published parts
The one scenario this EPD declaresReference year 2021
- Region
- Europe
- Boundary
- EPD total
- Data quality
- MediumRated by us, not by the source
- Licence
- Open · EPD Danmark terms
- Declared by
- Dansk Beton/Fabriksbetonforeningen
- Declared unit
- Served per litre ÷ 1,000
Where 0.487 comes from
- A1-A3 Product stageScope 3, cat. 10.46595.4%
- Scope 3, cat. 40.004490.9%
- B1 CarbonationNot yours to report−0.0135−2.8%
- End of lifeDerived by open-climate.aiScope 3, cat. 50.03146.4%
- Outside the scopes−0.00476beside
Σ 0.487: the four declared modules add up to the total. D stays beside it.
Reporting this litre under the GHG Protocol
This period
Scope 3, category 1 0.465 Scope 3, category 4 0.00449
You buy the product for a building that is not yours. The product and its installation go to category 1, the delivery to category 4. The use stage belongs to the building owner; demolition waste you handle is category 5.
Later, when it happens
During use: the building owner reports it
- B1 Not yours to report −0.0135
At end of life, in the year of demolition
- End of life Scope 3, category 5 0.0314
Outside the scopes, reported separately
- D −0.00476
A5, B2 to B7 and C1 to C4 are not declared: nothing to report.
The factor, standardised
Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.
Materials › Minerals and aggregates · Europe · per L · Average
EPD total · Net total · AR4
- BoundaryEPD totalThe sum of every EN 15804 module an EPD declares, when that set is not the complete A-C grid (MOD-0034). Learn more
- EPD total
- Raw materials, inbound transport, fuel supply, fuel combustion, manufacturing, packaging, purchased energy, outbound transport, use, maintenance and end of life
- GWP methodWhich IPCC assessment report's warming potentials convert each gas to CO₂e, and over how many years the warming is counted (GWP100: 100 years). Learn more
- IPCC AR4, 100-year horizon
- Not on the record; set from EPD Danmark's method notes · impact method CML 2001 baseline
- CO₂e basisWhich carbon the CO₂e counts. Fossil only leaves out biogenic CO₂ and land use; net total counts every pool, net of removals. The same activity on two bases is two different numbers. Learn more
- Net total
- Not split by gas; CO₂e only
- Life cycle
- Upstream: coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: partly coveredEnd of life: partly covered
Medium quality · Open licence · Any year
Module by module, up to the total
Seventeen EN 15804 modules, always in the same order. Each declared one moves the running total; carbonation moves it down. D sits below zero after the total, because it is reported beside it.
beside the total, not in it
| Module | Name | Per litre | Per m³ as declared | Running total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1-A3 | Product stage | 0.465 | 465 | 0.465 | Declared |
| A4 | Transport to site | 0.00449 | 4.49 | 0.46949 | Declared |
| A5 | Installation | not declared | 0.46949 | Not declared | |
| B1 | Use | −0.0135 | −13.5 | 0.45599 | Declared |
| B2 | Maintenance | not declared | 0.45599 | Not declared | |
| B3 | Repair | not declared | 0.45599 | Not declared | |
| B4 | Replacement | not declared | 0.45599 | Not declared | |
| B5 | Refurbishment | not declared | 0.45599 | Not declared | |
| B6 | Energy in use | not declared | 0.45599 | Not declared | |
| B7 | Water in use | not declared | 0.45599 | Not declared | |
| C1 | Demolition | 0.0125 | 12.5 | 0.46849 | Declared |
| C2 | Waste transport | 0.00678 | 6.78 | 0.47527 | Declared |
| C3 | Waste processing | 0.00695 | 6.95 | 0.48222 | Declared |
| C4 | Disposal | 0.00514 | 5.14 | 0.48736 | Declared |
| Total | EPD total, declared modules | 0.48736 | 487.36 | Sum of the declared modules | |
| D | Beyond the system boundary | −0.00476 | −4.76 | not added | Beside the total, not in it |
Scenarios and units
Some EPDs price a module under several scenarios, such as different end-of-life routes. Each gets a tab, and each module's default is marked.
One scenario, as declared
Every module has one value, so there is nothing to choose.
- Per m³, as declared487.36
- Per litre, served0.48736
What this number covers
Follow one litre of this product through EN 15804's stages. The total counts what the EPD declares; what it leaves out stays visible.
A1-A3Product
Materials and making the product
Included0.465A4-A5Construction
Transport to site only; A5 not declared
A4 only0.00449B1-B7Use
Carbonation only; B2 to B7 not declared
B1 only−0.0135C1-C4End of life
From demolition to disposal
Included0.0314DBeyond the boundary
Recovery after end of life
Not in the total−0.00476
Outside this boundary
- Installation
- Retail
- Recycling credit
The recycling credit is module D, shown beside the total.
Gases
EPD Danmark publishes this factor as CO₂e only, with no split by gas. The CO₂e counts fossil, biogenic and land-use carbon together.
From EPD Danmark's record to a comparable factor
EPD Danmark publishes this EPD with one value per module. Each field as printed, and what open-climate.ai made of it.
The total and its modules
Use a module on its own when you report it in a different year or scope; never add one to the total.
About this factor
From EPD Danmark
1m3 fabriksbeton til anvendelse i eksponeringsklasse XD2, XD3, XS3, XF4 og XA3. Dette svarer til beton udsat for ekstra aggressiv miljøpåvirkning som defineret i DS/EN 206 DK NA. Fabriksbeton i eksponeringsklasserne XD2, XD3, XS3, XF4 og XA3 anvendes til: Beton udsat for langvarig kontakt med vand og chlorid, fx svømmebassiner (XD2). Beton udsat for vandsprøjt, der indeholder chlorid, eller udsættes for tøsaltning (XD3). Beton udsat for vandsprøjt fra havvand (XS3). Beton udsat for vand, frost og chlorid (XF4), samt beton udsat for jord og grundvand med stærkt aggressivt kemisk miljø (XA3). Informative eksempler kan ses i DS/EN 206 DK NA. EPD’en er udarbejdet på baggrund af vægtede gennemsnitsdata fra flere producenter (average product, Industry level). Producenterne som leverer data til EPD’en dækker ca. 80% af den samlede danske produktion af fabriksbeton. Markedsandelen er gældende for den totale produktion af fabriksbeton, og ikke hver enkelt produktvariant.Source and licence
- Value
- Summed by open-climate.ai from its parts
- Publisher
- EPD Danmark (Teknologisk Institut)
- Published
- 2 October 2026
- Valid until
- 31 December 2025
The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.
Cite this factor
EPD Danmark (Teknologisk Institut), EPD data from https://data.epddanmark.dk. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/epd_danmark/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-epddanmark-readymixed_concrete-europe-l-epd_total-b5eaf002/?v=efv1-b63c3b1631a3e4710b86060c76fce941
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