Emission factor from ITB EPD Program (Instytut Techniki Budowlanej) EPD, product-specific

Steel structures and steel structure components

Poland · Cradle to grave, embodied · Reference year 2023

Each kilogram of this product counts as 2.59 kg CO₂e over the modules its EPD declares: 2.47 to make it (A1–A3), 0.0831 to deliver and place it (A4, A5) and 0.0367 at end of life.

Value per kilogram, over the modules the EPD declares

2.59kgCO₂e/kg

EN 15804 modules A1 to A5 · Fossil only · GWP100 · AR5

Derived by open-climate.ai: the sum of ITB EPD's published parts

The one scenario this EPD declaresReference year 2023

Region
Poland PL
Boundary
Cradle to grave, embodied
Data quality
HighRated by us, not by the source
Licence
Open · ITB EPD terms
Declared by
Valmont Polska Sp. z o.o.
Declared unit
Served per kilogram ÷ 1,000

Where 2.59 comes from

Derived by open-climate.ai

Σ 2.59: the four declared modules add up to the total. D stays beside it.

Reporting this kilogram under the GHG Protocol

This period

Scope 3, category 1 2.47 Scope 3, category 4 0.0831

You buy the product for a building that is not yours. The product and its installation go to category 1, the delivery to category 4. The use stage belongs to the building owner; demolition waste you handle is category 5.

Later, when it happens

At end of life, in the year of demolition

  • End of life Scope 3, category 5 0.0367

Outside the scopes, reported separately

  • D −0.816

B1 to B7 and C1 to C4 are not declared: nothing to report.

CiteAPI

The factor, standardised

Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.

Materials › Metals · Poland · per kg · Supplier-specific

Cradle to grave, embodied · Fossil only · AR5

Boundary
Cradle to grave, embodied
Raw materials, inbound transport, fuel supply, fuel combustion, manufacturing, packaging, purchased energy, installation, outbound transport and end of life
GWP method
IPCC AR5, 100-year horizon
Not on the record; set from ITB EPD's method notes · impact method EF 3.0
CO₂e basis
Fossil only
Split by carbon origin, not by gas
Life cycle
Upstream: coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: partly coveredEnd of life: covered

High quality · Open licence · Any year

Module by module, up to the total

Seventeen EN 15804 modules, always in the same order. Each declared one moves the running total. D sits below zero after the total, because it is reported beside it.

kgCO₂e per kilogram. Each bar starts where the one before ended. Pick a module to read it.
Product
Con­struc­tion
Use
B1 to B7not de­clared
End of life
Beyond the boundary

beside the total, not in it

Scenarios and units

Some EPDs price a module under several scenarios, such as different end-of-life routes. Each gets a tab, and each module's default is marked.

This factor

One scenario, as declared

Every module has one value, so there is nothing to choose.

  • Per t, as declared2,592.86
  • Per kilogram, served2.59286

What this number covers

Follow one kilogram of this product through EN 15804's stages. The total counts what the EPD declares; what it leaves out stays visible.

  1. A1-A3Product

    Materials and making the product

    Included2.47
  2. A4-A5Construction

    Delivery and installation

    Included0.0831
  3. B1-B7Use

    The product in service: maintenance, repair, replacement and the energy and water it uses

    Not declared
  4. C1-C4End of life

    From demolition to disposal

    Included0.0367
  5. DBeyond the boundary

    Recovery after end of life

    Not in the total−0.816

Outside this boundary

  • Maintenance
  • Retail
  • Use phase
  • Recycling credit

Maintenance is out because B2 is not declared. The recycling credit is module D, shown beside the total.

Gases

  • Fossil CO₂e2.59
  • Biogenic CO₂e−0.0502
  • Land-use CO₂e0.00189

The total counts fossil CO₂e. ITB EPD reports biogenic and land-use CO₂e separately; they are shown beside it, not added.

From ITB EPD's record to a comparable factor

ITB EPD publishes this EPD with one value per module. Each field as printed, and what open-climate.ai made of it.

The total and its modules

Use a module on its own when you report it in a different year or scope; never add one to the total.

The four modules add up to the total; D stays beside it. Each opens its own page.

About this factor

From ITB EPD

What it is

The data selected for LCA originate from ITB-LCI questionnaires completed by Valmont Polska Sp.z o.o. and verified during data audit. No data collected is older than five years and no genericdatasets used are older than ten years. The representativeness, completeness, reliability, andconsistency is judged as good. The background data for the processes come from the followingresources database Ecoinvent v.3.9.1 (steel, welding, paints, polyester, polyethylene terephthalateproduction, EUR-flat pallet, structural timber). Specific (LCI) data quality analysis was a part of theinput data verification. Where no background data was available, data gaps were complemented bymanufacturer information and literature research. The allocation rules used for this EPD are based on general ITB’s document PCR A. Production of the covered steel products is a line process (as presented in Figure 1) conducted in the manufacturing plant located in Siedlce (Poland). Input and output data from the production is inventoried and allocated to the production on the mass basis. The declaration covers a wide range of steel products. Their production resources and processing stages are basicly similar, so it is possible to average the production by product weight. The production process carried out at another company's plant is galvanizing and optional special coating, which was included in the calculations. Minimum 99.0% input materials and 100% energy consumption (electricity, gas, LPG, other) were inventoried in a processing plant and were included in the calculation. In the assessment, all significant parameters from gathered production data are considered, i.e. all material used per formulation, utilized thermal energy, and electric power consumption, direct production waste and available emission measurements. Tires consumption for transport was not considered. Substances with a percentage share of less than 0.1% of total mass were excluded from the calculations. The packaging products (wooden pallets) are included. Modules A5, B1-B5 are not assessed. In B1-B5, only marginal maintenance is required.

What it includes

-

Where it applies

Valmont Polska Sp. z o. o. at the plant in Siedlce produces steel lighting, signaling, tram and power poles and high masts The production process is partially automated and is based on the acceptance of metallurgical materials for production (steel coils or steel sheets) and then cold processing of steel (unwinding, cutting, bending). The shaped elements are welded longitudinally by one of the following three methods, depending on the technological process: ? SAW (submerged arc welding) – submerged arc welding, ? PAW (plasma arc welding) – plasma welding, ? ERW (electric resistance welding) – electric resistance welding. The structure is finished in black, including welding of the base and accessories, using MIG-MAG welding and mechanical methods - cutting, grinding, burning. The products are protected against corrosion by hot-dip galvanizing in external galvanizing plants, and can optionally be powder coated or hydrodynamically coated in external painting shops. The steel columns covered by this EPD are manufactured in several conicities made out of hot-rolled steel sheet with few thicknesses and grades based on customer requirements and local norms. The product range is presented in the product catalogue and is described in terms of material, shape, height, taper, together with the conditions of use (passive safety).Depending on the type, the pole is circular or octagonal in cross-section. -

Source and licence

Value
Summed by open-climate.ai from its parts
Publisher
ITB EPD
Published
2 October 2026
Valid until
31 December 2028
See the source data at ITB EPD

The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.

Credit it with this lineITB EPD Program, programme operator Instytut Techniki Budowlanej (ITB), EPD data from https://itb.lca-data.com
A plain reading of the licence, not legal advice. The licence text prevails.

Cite this factor

ITB EPD Program, programme operator Instytut Techniki Budowlanej (ITB), EPD data from https://itb.lca-data.com. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/itb_epd/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-itbepd-steel_structures_and-pl-kg-cradle_to_grave_embodied-f56b7f9e/?v=efv1-3c97f9b6b33d28e37b058e6ecb7ea3fe

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