open-climate.aiFactors

Metals emission factors

Metals and metal semi-products (steel, aluminium, copper), virgin or recycled. From 9 libraries, filed in one model so one publisher's factor compares with another's.

CategoryMaterials
Search all 10,633 factorsMatch my file
Factors
10,633
Libraries
9
With their own page
32
Units with a page
kg · JPY · EUR
Largest library
EU CBAM

6,438 factors, 61%

What the 32 factor pages say

One chart per unit, since a kilogram and a kWh do not compare. Colour is the boundary, what the factor counts; every row also names it.

CBAM embedded emissionsCradle to gateEPD totalCradle to distribution gateCradle to store gate

Per kg · 21 factor pages

Linear scale, from 0
From 1.86 (Zinc coated and painted steel structures (SIA LSEZ RT metāls), ÖKOBAUDAT) to 8.23 (Semi-finished products, of non-alloy free-cutting steel, containing by weight < 0,25 % carbon, of square or rectangular cross-section, the width < twice the thickness, rolled or obtained by continuous casting, EU CBAM) kgCO₂e per kg. 3 boundaries appear here, so part of the spread is what each factor counts, not a disagreement between publishers.

Per JPY · 5 factor pages

Linear scale, from 0.002
From 0.00357 (Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing, Open CEDA) to 0.00932 (Nonferrous metal foundries, Open CEDA) kgCO₂e per JPY.

Per EUR · 2 factor pages

Log scale: each gridline is 10 times the last
From 0.597 (Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (28), EXIOBASE) to 23.2 (Precious metal ores and concentrates, EXIOBASE) kgCO₂e per EUR.

Per m² · 2 factor pages

Linear scale, from 0
From 2.17 (Selective coating, copper sheet, black majic, ICM) to 17.4 (Metal Ceiling Membranes (0.5 mm, without acoustic infill), ÖKOBAUDAT) kgCO₂e per m². 2 boundaries appear here, so part of the spread is what each factor counts, not a disagreement between publishers.

Per CAD

OpenIO-Canada puts Ferrous metal castings at 1.07 kgCO₂e/CAD (Cradle to gate, 2022), the only factor page in this unit.

Per USD

USEEIO puts Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production at 0.976 kgCO₂e/USD (Cradle to store gate, 2023), the only factor page in this unit.

Source: the published factor pages, catalogue version 591.

Who publishes these factors

9 libraries publish them. Each name opens the library's page.

EU CBAM (6,438) and Open CEDA (2,827) hold 87% of them; the other 7 publish the rest (1,368).

Source: open-climate.ai catalogue, version 591, coverage summed over libraries.

Every factor page

Sorted by library. Each factor is also on its library's page.

ActivityLibraryRegionBoundaryValueYear
New steel or sheet metal - manufactureADEMEFranceCradle to gate2.21 kgCO₂e/kg2018
Construction - Metals - Primary material productionDESNZEuropeCradle to gate3.82 kgCO₂e/kg2026
Bars and rods of alloy steel other than stainless, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded (excl. products of high-speed steel or silico-manganese steel, semi-finished products, flat-rolled products and hot-rolled bars and rods in irregularly wound coils)EU CBAMVietnamCBAM embedded emissions3.5 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Bars and rods of stainless steel, only hot-rolled, only hot-drawn or only hot-extruded, of circular cross-sectionEU CBAMKazakhstanCBAM embedded emissions4.61 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Butt welding tube or pipe fittings of stainless steel (excl. cast products)EU CBAMIndonesiaCBAM embedded emissions7.94 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Ferro-nickelEU CBAMJapanCBAM embedded emissions3.48 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width < 600 mm, simply hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated, of a thickness < 4,75 mm (excl. "wide flats")EU CBAMThailandCBAM embedded emissions1.92 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Flat-rolled products of silicon-electrical steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, hot-rolledEU CBAMCBAM Other countries and territoriesCBAM embedded emissions5.5 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, not further worked than cold-rolled "cold-reduced", of a thickness of >= 0,5 mm but <= 1 mmEU CBAMSerbiaCBAM embedded emissions2.59 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, not further worked than hot-rolled, not in coils, of a thickness of >= 3 mm and < 4,75 mmEU CBAMCanadaCBAM embedded emissions3.21 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Pig iron and spiegeleisen, in pigs, blocks or other primary formsEU CBAMNew ZealandCBAM embedded emissions2.31 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel, containing by weight < 0,25 % carbon, of rectangular cross-section, the width < twice the thickness, forgedEU CBAMCBAM country of production not identifiedCBAM embedded emissions8.21 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel, containing by weight >= 0,25% carbon, of square or rectangular cross-section, the width < twice the thickness, forgedEU CBAMRussiaCBAM embedded emissions3.21 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Semi-finished products of stainless steel, of square cross-section, forgedEU CBAMJapanCBAM embedded emissions3.52 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Semi-finished products of steel containing by weight <= 0,7% of carbon, 0,5% to 1,2% of manganese, 0,6% to 2,3% of silicon, or of steel containing by weight >= 0,0008% of boron with any other element < the minimum content referred to in Note 1 f to chapter 72, of square or rectangular cross-section, hot rolled or obtained by continuous casting, the width measuring < twice the thicknessEU CBAMPhilippinesCBAM embedded emissions2.65 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Semi-finished products, of non-alloy free-cutting steel, containing by weight < 0,25 % carbon, of square or rectangular cross-section, the width < twice the thickness, rolled or obtained by continuous castingEU CBAMCBAM country of production not identifiedCBAM embedded emissions8.23 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Threaded elbows, bends and sleeves, of stainless steel (excl. cast or stainless products)EU CBAMTurkeyCBAM embedded emissions3.15 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, seamless, of circular cross-section, of iron or non-alloy steel, not cold-drawn or cold-rolled "cold-reduced" (excl. cast iron products, line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, casing and tubing of a kind used for drilling for oil or gas)EU CBAMKazakhstanCBAM embedded emissions5.18 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Wire of stainless steel, in coils (excl. bars and rods)EU CBAMIranCBAM embedded emissions3.2 kgCO₂e/kg2025
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (28)EXIOBASERest of World: Middle East (EXIOBASE)Cradle to gate0.597 kgCO₂e/EUR2019
Precious metal ores and concentratesEXIOBASEIndiaCradle to gate23.2 kgCO₂e/EUR2019
Selective coating, copper sheet, black majicICMAustraliaCradle to distribution gate2.17 kgCO₂e/m²2015
Metal Ceiling Membranes (0.5 mm, without acoustic infill)ÖKOBAUDATEuropeEPD total17.4 kgCO₂e/m²2022
Welded and zinc coated steel structures (Heidelberg Materials SBC Latvia SIA)ÖKOBAUDATEuropeEPD total2.33 kgCO₂e/kg2022
Zinc coated and painted steel structures (SIA LSEZ RT metāls)ÖKOBAUDATWorldEPD total1.86 kgCO₂e/kg2021
Copper rolling, drawing, extruding and alloyingOpen CEDAGuineaCradle to gate0.00532 kgCO₂e/JPY2025
Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturingOpen CEDAFranceCradle to gate0.00429 kgCO₂e/JPY2025
Machine shopsOpen CEDAQatarCradle to gate0.00778 kgCO₂e/JPY2025
Nonferrous metal foundriesOpen CEDAKiribatiCradle to gate0.00932 kgCO₂e/JPY2025
Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturingOpen CEDACote D'IvoireCradle to gate0.00357 kgCO₂e/JPY2025
Ferrous metal castingsOpenIO-CanadaBritish ColumbiaCradle to gate1.07 kgCO₂e/CAD2022
Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum ProductionUSEEIOUnited StatesCradle to store gate0.976 kgCO₂e/USD2023

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