Emission factor from Kiwa-EE EPD, product-specific
PoliMac STEELGRID and MACARMOUR - MPMI (steel wire mesh, Officine Maccaferri S.p.A.)
World · EPD total · Reference year 2023
Value per square metre, over the modules the EPD declares
4.95kgCO₂e/m²
EN 15804 modules A1 to C2 · Fossil only · GWP100 · AR5
Derived by open-climate.ai: the sum of Kiwa-EE's published parts
Standard scenarioReference year 2023
- Region
- World GLOBAL
- Boundary
- EPD total
- Data quality
- HighRated by us, not by the source
- Licence
- Open · Kiwa-EE terms
- Declared by
- Officine Maccaferri S.p.A.
Where 4.95 comes from
- A1-A3 Product stageScope 3, cat. 14.95100%
- Scope 3, cat. 50.000346<0.1%
- Outside the scopes−0.0167beside
Σ 4.95: the two declared modules add up to the total. D stays beside it.
Reporting this square metre under the GHG Protocol
This period
Scope 3, category 1 4.95
You buy the product for a building that is not yours. The product and its installation go to category 1, the delivery to category 4. The use stage belongs to the building owner; demolition waste you handle is category 5.
Later, when it happens
At end of life, in the year of demolition
- C2 Scope 3, category 5 0.000346
Outside the scopes, reported separately
- D −0.0167
A4, A5, B1 to B7, C1, C3 and C4 are not declared: nothing to report.
The factor, standardised
Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.
Materials › Metals · World · per m² · Supplier-specific
EPD total · Fossil only · AR5
- BoundaryEPD totalThe sum of every EN 15804 module an EPD declares, when that set is not the complete A-C grid (MOD-0034). Learn more
- EPD total
- Raw materials, inbound transport, fuel supply, fuel combustion, manufacturing, packaging, purchased energy and end of life
- GWP methodWhich IPCC assessment report's warming potentials convert each gas to CO₂e, and over how many years the warming is counted (GWP100: 100 years). Learn more
- IPCC AR5, 100-year horizon
- Not on the record; set from Kiwa-EE's method notes · impact method EF 3.1
- CO₂e basisWhich carbon the CO₂e counts. Fossil only leaves out biogenic CO₂ and land use; net total counts every pool, net of removals. The same activity on two bases is two different numbers. Learn more
- Fossil only
- Split by carbon origin, not by gas
- Life cycle
- Upstream: coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: not coveredEnd of life: partly covered
High quality · Open licence · Any year
Module by module, up to the total
Seventeen EN 15804 modules, always in the same order. Each declared one moves the running total. D sits below zero after the total, because it is reported beside it.
beside the total, not in it
| Module | Name | Per square metre | Running total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1-A3 | Product stage | 4.95 | 4.95 | Declared |
| A4 | Transport to site | not declared | 4.95 | Not declared |
| A5 | Installation | not declared | 4.95 | Not declared |
| B1 | Use | not declared | 4.95 | Not declared |
| B2 | Maintenance | not declared | 4.95 | Not declared |
| B3 | Repair | not declared | 4.95 | Not declared |
| B4 | Replacement | not declared | 4.95 | Not declared |
| B5 | Refurbishment | not declared | 4.95 | Not declared |
| B6 | Energy in use | not declared | 4.95 | Not declared |
| B7 | Water in use | not declared | 4.95 | Not declared |
| C1 | Demolition | not declared | 4.95 | Not declared |
| C2 | Waste transport | 0.000346 | 4.95035 | Declared |
| C3 | Waste processing | not declared | 4.95035 | Not declared |
| C4 | Disposal | not declared | 4.95035 | Not declared |
| Total | EPD total, declared modules | 4.95035 | Sum of the declared modules | |
| D | Beyond the system boundary | −0.0167 | not added | Beside the total, not in it |
What this number covers
Follow one square metre of this product through EN 15804's stages. The total counts what the EPD declares; what it leaves out stays visible.
A1-A3Product
Materials and making the product
Included4.95A4-A5Construction
Delivery and installation
Not declaredB1-B7Use
The product in service: maintenance, repair, replacement and the energy and water it uses
Not declaredC1-C4End of life
Waste transport only; C1, C3, C4 not declared
C2 only0.000346DBeyond the boundary
Recovery after end of life
Not in the total−0.0167
Outside this boundary
- Installation
- Maintenance
- Outbound transport
- Retail
- Use phase
- Recycling credit
Maintenance is out because B2 is not declared. The recycling credit is module D, shown beside the total.
Gases
- Fossil CO₂e4.95
- Biogenic CO₂e0.00784
- Land-use CO₂e0.00292
The total counts fossil CO₂e. Kiwa-EE reports biogenic and land-use CO₂e separately; they are shown beside it, not added.
From Kiwa-EE's record to a comparable factor
Kiwa-EE publishes this EPD with one value per module. Each field as printed, and what open-climate.ai made of it.
The total and its modules
Use a module on its own when you report it in a different year or scope; never add one to the total.
About this factor
From Kiwa-EE
What it is
The EPD is based on the composition of PoliMac STEELGRID HR30 8127. The LCA results can also be scaled to other STEELGRID and MACARMOUR products by using weight for different rope spacing and applying the scaling function reported in section 7. The EPD type is Cradle to gate with options, modules C1-C4, and module D. Kiwa-Ecobility Experts assumes no liability for manufacturer's information, LCA data and evidence.What it includes
PoliMac STEELGRID and MACARMOUR are composites of double twisted steel wire hexagonal mesh with high tensile strength steel cables, woven into the mesh in longitudinal direction (STEELGRID) or both in longitudinal and transversal direction (MACARMOUR), during the manufacturing process. PoliMac STEELGRID and MACARMOUR are made from high quality steel wire and ropes, which are heavily galvanised (Zinc-Aluminum alloy in accordance with EN 10244-2 and ISO 7989-2 - Class A). The additional protective polymeric (PoliMac) coating is applied for use in aggressive environments and where a longer design life is required. The manufacturing is carried out in Laguna plant (Philippines) by Maccaferri Philippines Manufacturing, Inc. The production process includes the weaving of the double twist wire mesh, starting from steel wire, onto which the PoliMac coating can be applied at the plant through an extrusion process of the polymer, and PoliMac wire rope, that can be inserted in longitudinal and transversal direction.Where it applies
PoliMac STEELGRID and MACARMOUR are engineered to fit the use as: • drapery system controlling and preventing rock fall and loose debris flow; • soil nailing system; • erosion control system, along relevant structures as roads, highways and railways, where higher level of tensile strength and punching resistance at low-strain, compared with standard double twist steel wire mesh, are requested. PoliMac STEELGRID and MACARMOUR are CE marked in compliance with Regulation (EU) 305/2011, according to EAD 230008-00-0106.Source and licence
- Value
- Summed by open-climate.ai from its parts
- Publisher
- Kiwa-Ecobility Experts EPD programme (Kiwa GmbH)
- Library
- Kiwa-EE KIWA_EE_2026-10-02
- Published
- 2 October 2026
- Valid until
- 31 December 2030
The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.
Cite this factor
Kiwa-Ecobility Experts EPD programme (Kiwa GmbH), EPD data from https://kiwa.lca-data.com. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/kiwa_ee/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-kiwaee-polimac_steelgrid_and-global-m2-epd_total-478f2a41/?v=efv1-d3788c74e4e3f6798a286ecb1e283937
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