Emission factor from Kiwa-EE EPD, product-specific
Insulating glass, triple glazed, coated
Finland · EPD total · Reference year 2022
Each square metre of this product counts as 45.6 kg CO₂e over the modules its EPD declares: 42.1 to make it (A1–A3) and 3.59 at end of life.
Value per square metre, over the modules the EPD declares
45.6kgCO₂e/m²
EN 15804 modules A1 to A3 · Fossil only · GWP100 · AR5
Derived by open-climate.ai: the sum of Kiwa-EE's published parts
The one scenario this EPD declaresReference year 2022
- Region
- Finland FI
- Boundary
- EPD total
- Data quality
- HighRated by us, not by the source
- Licence
- Open · Kiwa-EE terms
- Declared by
- PLG Haapajärvi Oy
Where 45.6 comes from
- A1-A3 Product stageScope 3, cat. 142.192.1%
- End of lifeDerived by open-climate.aiScope 3, cat. 53.597.9%
- Outside the scopes−8beside
Σ 45.6: the two declared modules add up to the total. D stays beside it.
Reporting this square metre under the GHG Protocol
This period
Scope 3, category 1 42.1
You buy the product for a building that is not yours. The product and its installation go to category 1, the delivery to category 4. The use stage belongs to the building owner; demolition waste you handle is category 5.
Later, when it happens
At end of life, in the year of demolition
- End of life Scope 3, category 5 3.59
Outside the scopes, reported separately
- D −8
A4, A5, B1 to B7 and C1 to C4 are not declared: nothing to report.
The factor, standardised
Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.
Materials › Glass and ceramics · Finland · per m² · Supplier-specific
EPD total · Fossil only · AR5
- BoundaryEPD totalThe sum of every EN 15804 module an EPD declares, when that set is not the complete A-C grid (MOD-0034). Learn more
- EPD total
- Raw materials, inbound transport, fuel supply, fuel combustion, manufacturing, packaging, purchased energy and end of life
- GWP methodWhich IPCC assessment report's warming potentials convert each gas to CO₂e, and over how many years the warming is counted (GWP100: 100 years). Learn more
- IPCC AR5, 100-year horizon
- Not on the record; set from Kiwa-EE's method notes · impact method EF 3.0
- CO₂e basisWhich carbon the CO₂e counts. Fossil only leaves out biogenic CO₂ and land use; net total counts every pool, net of removals. The same activity on two bases is two different numbers. Learn more
- Fossil only
- Split by carbon origin, not by gas
- Life cycle
- Upstream: coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: not coveredEnd of life: partly covered
High quality · Open licence · Any year
Module by module, up to the total
Seventeen EN 15804 modules, always in the same order. Each declared one moves the running total. D sits below zero after the total, because it is reported beside it.
beside the total, not in it
| Module | Name | Per square metre | Running total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | Raw material supply | 35.4838 | 35.4838 | Declared |
| A2 | Transport to the plant | 3.21452 | 38.6983 | Declared |
| A3 | Manufacturing | 3.35429 | 42.0526 | Declared |
| A4 | Transport to site | not declared | 42.0526 | Not declared |
| A5 | Installation | not declared | 42.0526 | Not declared |
| B1 | Use | not declared | 42.0526 | Not declared |
| B2 | Maintenance | not declared | 42.0526 | Not declared |
| B3 | Repair | not declared | 42.0526 | Not declared |
| B4 | Replacement | not declared | 42.0526 | Not declared |
| B5 | Refurbishment | not declared | 42.0526 | Not declared |
| B6 | Energy in use | not declared | 42.0526 | Not declared |
| B7 | Water in use | not declared | 42.0526 | Not declared |
| C1 | Demolition | not declared | 42.0526 | Not declared |
| C2 | Waste transport | 0.288801 | 42.3414 | Declared |
| C3 | Waste processing | 3.23984 | 45.5813 | Declared |
| C4 | Disposal | 0.0628897 | 45.6441 | Declared |
| Total | EPD total, declared modules | 45.6441 | Sum of the declared modules | |
| D | Beyond the system boundary | −7.99567 | not added | Beside the total, not in it |
What this number covers
Follow one square metre of this product through EN 15804's stages. The total counts what the EPD declares; what it leaves out stays visible.
A1-A3Product
Materials and making the product
Included42.1A4-A5Construction
Delivery and installation
Not declaredB1-B7Use
The product in service: maintenance, repair, replacement and the energy and water it uses
Not declaredC1-C4End of life
Waste transport to disposal; C1 not declared
C2 to C43.59DBeyond the boundary
Recovery after end of life
Not in the total−8
Outside this boundary
- Installation
- Maintenance
- Outbound transport
- Retail
- Use phase
- Recycling credit
Maintenance is out because B2 is not declared. The recycling credit is module D, shown beside the total.
Gases
- Fossil CO₂e45.6
- Biogenic CO₂e0.378
- Land-use CO₂e0.0158
The total counts fossil CO₂e. Kiwa-EE reports biogenic and land-use CO₂e separately; they are shown beside it, not added.
From Kiwa-EE's record to a comparable factor
Kiwa-EE publishes this EPD as one declared value. Each field as printed, and what open-climate.ai made of it.
The total and its modules
Use a module on its own when you report it in a different year or scope; never add one to the total.
About this factor
From Kiwa-EE
What it is
Product Triple glazed insulation glass units are sealed units that comprise three sheets of flat glass separated by two 16 mm spacer strips, and are sealed around the edge. One glass is selective coated and the two other glasses are clear glass. All glasses have a thickness of 4 mm. The mass of 1 m² product is 31.34 kg. Main Componentskg/m²Flat glass, clear, 2 sheets20.000Flat glass, coated10.000Spacer strip0.356Inner sealant0.044Outer sealant0.700Desiccant0.170Filling gas, argon0.070A desiccant is applied within the unit to prevent condensation on the inside surfaces. The units are available in a wide range of dimensions and configurations. This EPD covers the units with 3 pcs of 4 mm glasses with argon gas filling. One glass is coated and the 2 other ones are clear. The products can be produced with a wide size range, starting from 0.1 m² up to 6 m². A typical size is about 1 m². The product is used in windows and doors. Packaging and transportation The insultating glass units are packed into specialised racks which are re-used numerous times. The racks are circulating between the insulating glass producer and the window and door producer. The insulating glass units are delivered mainly to the window and door producers ready for installation. The Insulation glass units fulfill the product standard EN 1279-5:2018 Glass in building. Insulating glass units. Part 5: Product standard. The units are CE-marked according to this standard and according to the AVCP class 3. The insulating glass units have also a FI-product certificate issued by the certification body Inspecta Sertifiointi Oy. The glass used in the units fulfills standards EN 572-9:2004 Glass in construction. The glass also complies the following standards: - EN 572-1 Glass in construction - Basic products: basic soda-lime silicate glass – Part 1: definition and general physical and mechanical properties; - EN 572-2 – Glass in construction – Basic products: basic soda-lime silicate glass – Part 2: Float glass. Declared PropertiesValueUnitFire resistanceNPD Reaction to fireNPD External fire performanceNPD Bullet resistanceNPD Explosion resistanceNPD Fracture resistanceNPD Impact resistance of pendulum bodyNPD Acoustic attenuation to direct airborne noise 33 dBEmissivityNPD Thermal properties (U-value)0.9W/m²KLight transmittance74%Light reflection18%Solar energy transmittance52%Solar energy reflection29%Solar factor59g, %NPD = No Performance Declared Data is provided by the manufacturer and the data was collected from 2022-01-01 until 2022-12-31. The geographical representativeness is good, because the environmental impact information is partly from Finland and partly from Europe. Three product specific EPD information are used for the main raw material components of the product. The technical representativeness is good, because there exists only one production process and the environmental impact per functional unit does not change, when the size of the product changes. The time representativeness is good: the used Ecoinvent 3.6 database values are updated 2019, and the EPD calculation is based on the production year 2022. The overall data quality for this EPD can therefore be described as "good". All relevant process-specific data was collected in the internal controlling. In all possible cases, primary data from customers was used, which is of good quality. In addition, secondary data from the Ecoinvent database (2019, version 3.6) was used when no primary data could be supplied. The database is checked regularly and, therefore, fulfills the requirements of EN ISO 14040/44 (background data not older than 10 years). The background data meets the requirements of EN 15804+A2. The quantities of raw materials, consumables and supplies used and the energy were recorded and with this the material usage for the declared unit determined. The general rule that specific data from certain production processes or average data derived from specific processes must have priority when calculating an EPD or LCA, was adhered to. Data for processes over which the manufacturer has no influence were assigned to generic data/scenarios. When selecting these, the data set/scenario that most realistically represents the processes was selected. The production energy consumption per 3 glass insulating glass units is based on allocation, where the total energy consumption of the production site is allocated to 3 glass insulating glass with the factor, which is a percentage of this product type compared to the whole production of different glass units. The production volume is measured in m² of insulation glass units. As no country specific data on the benefits at the end-of-life was available, the Dutch Environmental Database (NMD) scenarios were used.What it includes
The unit is mounted at the window or door factory to the window to the wooden or aluminium frames, which are then transported the construction site for mounting into the building. Sometimes the insulation glass unit is transported directly to the construction site for direct mounting into the building.Where it applies
The units will be mounted into window or door frames at the window production factory.Source and licence
- Value
- Summed by open-climate.ai from its parts
- Publisher
- Kiwa-Ecobility Experts EPD programme (Kiwa GmbH)
- Library
- Kiwa-EE KIWA_EE_2026-10-02
- Published
- 2 October 2026
- Valid until
- 31 December 2029
The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.
Cite this factor
Kiwa-Ecobility Experts EPD programme (Kiwa GmbH), EPD data from https://kiwa.lca-data.com. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/kiwa_ee/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-kiwaee-insulating_glass_triple-fi-m2-epd_total-9ba1246a/?v=efv1-054cfab6afcd1b044fc647897899dc16
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