Value per litre, over the modules the EPD declares
0.0481kgCO₂e/L
EN 15804 modules A1 to C4 · Fossil only · GWP100 · AR5
Derived by open-climate.ai: the sum of Kiwa-EE's published parts
The one scenario this EPD declaresReference year 2024
- Region
- Finland FI
- Boundary
- EPD total
- Data quality
- MediumRated by us, not by the source
- Licence
- Open · Kiwa-EE terms
- Declared by
- Mustola Timber Oy
- Declared unit
- Served per litre ÷ 1,000
Where 0.0481 comes from
- A1-A3 Product stageScope 3, cat. 10.033870.2%
- Scope 3, cat. 50.0098720.5%
- Scope 3, cat. 50.00398.1%
- C4 DisposalScope 3, cat. 50.0005611.2%
- Outside the scopes−0.0201beside
Σ 0.0481: the four declared modules add up to the total. D stays beside it.
Reporting this litre under the GHG Protocol
This period
Scope 3, category 1 0.0338
You buy the product for a building that is not yours. The product and its installation go to category 1, the delivery to category 4. The use stage belongs to the building owner; demolition waste you handle is category 5.
Later, when it happens
At end of life, in the year of demolition
- C2 Scope 3, category 5 0.00987
- C3 Scope 3, category 5 0.0039
- C4 Scope 3, category 5 0.000561
Outside the scopes, reported separately
- D −0.0201
A4, A5, B1 to B7 and C1 are not declared: nothing to report.
The factor, standardised
Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.
Materials › Paper and wood · Finland · per L · Average
EPD total · Fossil only · AR5
- BoundaryEPD totalThe sum of every EN 15804 module an EPD declares, when that set is not the complete A-C grid (MOD-0034). Learn more
- EPD total
- Raw materials, inbound transport, fuel supply, fuel combustion, manufacturing, packaging, purchased energy and end of life
- GWP methodWhich IPCC assessment report's warming potentials convert each gas to CO₂e, and over how many years the warming is counted (GWP100: 100 years). Learn more
- IPCC AR5, 100-year horizon
- Not on the record; set from Kiwa-EE's method notes · impact method EF 3.0
- CO₂e basisWhich carbon the CO₂e counts. Fossil only leaves out biogenic CO₂ and land use; net total counts every pool, net of removals. The same activity on two bases is two different numbers. Learn more
- Fossil only
- Split by carbon origin, not by gas
- Life cycle
- Upstream: coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: not coveredEnd of life: partly covered
Medium quality · Open licence · Any year
Module by module, up to the total
Seventeen EN 15804 modules, always in the same order. Each declared one moves the running total. D sits below zero after the total, because it is reported beside it.
beside the total, not in it
| Module | Name | Per litre | Per m³ as declared | Running total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | Raw material supply | 0.0219836 | 21.9836 | 0.0219836 | Declared |
| A2 | Transport to the plant | 0.00294425 | 2.94425 | 0.0249279 | Declared |
| A3 | Manufacturing | 0.00888629 | 8.88629 | 0.0338141 | Declared |
| A4 | Transport to site | not declared | 0.0338141 | Not declared | |
| A5 | Installation | not declared | 0.0338141 | Not declared | |
| B1 | Use | not declared | 0.0338141 | Not declared | |
| B2 | Maintenance | not declared | 0.0338141 | Not declared | |
| B3 | Repair | not declared | 0.0338141 | Not declared | |
| B4 | Replacement | not declared | 0.0338141 | Not declared | |
| B5 | Refurbishment | not declared | 0.0338141 | Not declared | |
| B6 | Energy in use | not declared | 0.0338141 | Not declared | |
| B7 | Water in use | not declared | 0.0338141 | Not declared | |
| C1 | Demolition | not declared | 0.0338141 | Not declared | |
| C2 | Waste transport | 0.00987025 | 9.87025 | 0.0436844 | Declared |
| C3 | Waste processing | 0.00390305 | 3.90305 | 0.0475874 | Declared |
| C4 | Disposal | 0.000560875 | 0.560875 | 0.0481483 | Declared |
| Total | EPD total, declared modules | 0.0481483 | 48.1483 | Sum of the declared modules | |
| D | Beyond the system boundary | −0.0201105 | −20.1105 | not added | Beside the total, not in it |
Scenarios and units
Some EPDs price a module under several scenarios, such as different end-of-life routes. Each gets a tab, and each module's default is marked.
One scenario, as declared
Every module has one value, so there is nothing to choose.
- Per m³, as declared48.1483
- Per litre, served0.0481483
What this number covers
Follow one litre of this product through EN 15804's stages. The total counts what the EPD declares; what it leaves out stays visible.
A1-A3Product
Materials and making the product
Included0.0338A4-A5Construction
Delivery and installation
Not declaredB1-B7Use
The product in service: maintenance, repair, replacement and the energy and water it uses
Not declaredC1-C4End of life
Waste transport to disposal; C1 not declared
C2 to C40.0143DBeyond the boundary
Recovery after end of life
Not in the total−0.0201
Outside this boundary
- Installation
- Maintenance
- Outbound transport
- Retail
- Use phase
- Recycling credit
Maintenance is out because B2 is not declared. The recycling credit is module D, shown beside the total.
Gases
- Fossil CO₂e0.0481
- Biogenic CO₂e0.468
- Land-use CO₂e0.000789
The total counts fossil CO₂e. Kiwa-EE reports biogenic and land-use CO₂e separately; they are shown beside it, not added.
From Kiwa-EE's record to a comparable factor
Kiwa-EE publishes this EPD with one value per module. Each field as printed, and what open-climate.ai made of it.
The total and its modules
Use a module on its own when you report it in a different year or scope; never add one to the total.
About this factor
From Kiwa-EE
What it is
This EPD is product-specific and Cradle-to-Gate with modules C1-C4 and D. This EPD is based on a declared unit for 1m³. The product is kiln dried rough sawn timber, from spruce raw logs, covering all available sizes of sawn kiln-dried timber produced by Mustola Timber saw mill in Lappeenranta. The raw material which is used in production is Finnish spruce, delivered as raw logs by to suppliers from nearby forests. The timber is dried and sawed to the dimensions. Wood continuously shaped along any of its edges or faces (CPC 3121). Finished sawn timber is packed in bundles and transported to customers. This declaration applies to one cubic meter of timber. Dried sawn timber has an average density of 475 kg/m³, small variance occurs as wood is a hygroscopic material always containing some residual moisture. The biogenic carbon content has been adjusted in accordance with EN 16449 assuming a moisture content of 10% (u = 10%). During the data collection year 2023, Mustola Timber Oy has had valid Certifications for PEFC ST (started 6.8.2019, Inspecta Sertifiointi Oy) and FSC (started 28.12.2022, Inspecta Sertifiointi Oy). Dimensions for sawn timber vary between different lengths and sizes. Lengths: 3.6m-5.4m (3.6m - 4m - 4.5m - 4.8m- 5.1m - 5.4m) Sizes (thickness - width): 72x72 mm42x123 mm47x200 mm72x86 mm42x148 mm50x100 mm20x96 mm44x100 mm50x125 mm21x100 mm44x123 mm50x150 mm25x100 mm44x148 mm50x175 mm30x100 mm44x175 mm50x180 mm32x200 mm47x100 mm50x200 mm38x200 mm47x124 mm63x150 mm41x148 mm47x125 mm 42x100 mm47x150 mm Concerning packaging materials of plastic hoods for dried timber, Mustola Timber Oy uses different lengths of hoods; 3.98m/4.28m/4.58m/4.88m/5.18m. All process-specific data was collected from the period of 1.1.2023-31.12.2023 and is therefore up-to-date. The data is based on the annual average and it is collected directly from the company and can be described as good. In order to ensure comparability of the results, only consistent background data of the ecoinvent database was used in the LCA (e.g., records on energy, transportation, supplies). The database is regularly reviewed and thus complies with the requirements of EN 15804 (background data not older than 10 years). All consistent datasets contained in the ecoinvent database are documented and can be viewed in the online ecoinvent documentation. The Life Cycle was modelled with the R<THINK EPD App. The scenarios included are currently in use and are representative for one of the most likely scenario alternatives. According to the criteria's "UN Environmental Global Guidance on LCA database development" mentioned in the EN 15804+A2, the data quality for all three representativeness categories (geographical, technical and time) can be described as good. Extraordinary attention has also been given to fulfil the demands for wood based materials given in EN 15941:2024, Sustainability of construction works. Data quality for environmental assessment of products and construction work. The impact assessment results are based on the EF 3.1 characterization factors implemented in the R<THINK LCA software. The latest characterization factors available in the software at the time of the study were applied. The quality level of geographical representativeness can be considered “good”. The quality level of technical representativeness can be considered “good”. The time representativeness can also be regarded as “good”. The overall data quality for this EPD can, therefore, be described as “good”. All relevant process-specific data were collected during data collection. In all possible cases, primary data from Mustola Timber Oy was used, which has a very good data quality because it comes directly from the source. The delivery distances for the raw logs are given as an average in 2023. The locations of log collection points change during the year, so for the EPD calculation both log suppliers have provided average delivery distances. The average delivery distances have been taken into account in Module A2. The transportation distances from the suppliers are partly collected information from Mustola Timber Oy and partly calculated as an assumption, because the method for transportation can change during the year via road or sea. Dried sawn timber is manufactured at the same plant as other Mustola Timber Oy´s products. This is taken into consideration in the calculation. Energy of the production is allocated for all made products. The energy used for drying is reported separately in the input data and is directly given as its own. The kiln stick used during drying and packaging is re-usable. They are reused about ten (10) times, which is included in the consumption volume. Based on EN 15804+A2, the end-of-life system boundary of the product system is set, where outputs of the system under study have reached the end-of-waste state. Thus, waste processing of the material flows during any module of the product system (e.g. the production stage, end-of-life stage) are included up to the system boundary of the respective module. A product reaches its end-of-waste state, when there is a market for the recovered product and when the recovered product fulfills the technical requirements for the specific purposes and meets the legislation and standards applicable to the product. Therefore producers of waste bear the burden of the waste treatment, based on the “polluter pays” principle. Consumers of recycled products receive them burden-free.What it includes
Not declared in this document.Where it applies
Once the dried sawn timber is transported to customer, it is unpacked and used for intended purpose. Dried sawn timber can be used for example in the building industry or reprocessing as sawn timber to other timber products, for example: building industry carpenter´s work pieces of furnitureSource and licence
- Value
- Summed by open-climate.ai from its parts
- Publisher
- Kiwa-Ecobility Experts EPD programme (Kiwa GmbH)
- Library
- Kiwa-EE KIWA_EE_2026-10-02
- Published
- 2 October 2026
- Valid until
- 31 December 2031
The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.
Cite this factor
Kiwa-Ecobility Experts EPD programme (Kiwa GmbH), EPD data from https://kiwa.lca-data.com. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/kiwa_ee/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-kiwaee-kiln_dried_rough_sawn-fi-l-epd_total-4921c5b9/?v=efv1-0951c3aa3241569cb8c145c9f57cc157
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