Each kilowatt-hour of this fuel counts as 0.391 kg CO₂e: 0.334 from burning it and 0.0578 for producing it and bringing it to you (estimated).
Value per kWh, net calorific value
0.391kgCO₂e/kWh
Net calorific value · Biogenic CO₂ and land use excluded · GWP100 · AR5
FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂GHG Protocol and IPCC inventoriesOne value, for any year
BAFU sets no date window, so there is no year to pick.
Reference year 2026
EstimatedAn estimate by open-climate.ai, not a number the publisher printed. Where a fuel publisher prints combustion only, we add the supply chain before the burn (well-to-tank), computed by one stated rule from the publisher's own combustion value and a published supply-chain ratio. Learn more Summed by open-climate.ai from 2 parts, 1 of them estimated by us
- Region
- Switzerland CH
- Boundary
- Well-to-use
- Data quality
- Very lowEstimated from another country's supply chain
- Licence
- Open · BAFU terms
Where 0.391 comes from
- Scope 10.33485.2%
- Fuel supplyEstimatedAn estimate by open-climate.ai, not a number the publisher printed. Where a fuel publisher prints combustion only, we add the supply chain before the burn (well-to-tank), computed by one stated rule from the publisher's own combustion value and a published supply-chain ratio. Learn moreDerived by open-climate.aiScope 3, cat. 30.057814.8%
Σ 0.391: open-climate.ai adds up the two parts. BAFU prints fuel combustion. open-climate.ai estimates fuel supply from other published figures.
Reporting this kilowatt-hour under the GHG Protocol
Scope 1 0.334 Scope 3, category 3 0.0578
You burn the fuel, so its combustion is your Scope 1.
Supplying the fuel is Scope 3, category 3 for whoever burns it.
The factor, standardised
Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.
Fuels › Solid fossil fuels · Switzerland · per kWh · Average
Well-to-use · Excl. biogenic CO₂ · AR5
- BoundaryWell-to-useOne unit of energy as consumed, priced from the well to the point of use: the well-to-tank chain plus the burn for a fuel; generation, its well-to-tank and the transmission and distribution losses for a delivered carrier (electricity, steam or hot water, chilled water). Learn more
- Well-to-use
- Fuel supply and fuel combustion
- GWP methodWhich IPCC assessment report's warming potentials convert each gas to CO₂e, and over how many years the warming is counted (GWP100: 100 years). Learn more
- IPCC AR5, 100-year horizon
- Not on the record; set from BAFU's method notes
- CO₂e basisWhich carbon the CO₂e counts. Fossil only leaves out biogenic methane, land-use change and biogenic CO₂; excl. biogenic CO₂ counts biogenic methane but not the other two; net total counts every pool, net of removals. The same activity on two bases is two different numbers. Learn more
- Excl. biogenic CO₂FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂GHG Protocol and IPCC inventories
- Not split by gas; CO₂e only
Very low quality · Open licence · Any year
What this number covers
The path of one kilowatt-hour of this fuel, from the well to your flame. BAFU gives one figure for the first three steps together.
Well-to-tank0.0578Scope 3, cat. 3
Extraction
Getting the fuel out of the ground
Processing
Treating it to the quality it is sold at
Transport
Moving it to your site
Your meter
1 kWh used. The factor is per kWh measured here.
Burning it
In your boiler, furnace or engine: CO₂, with a little CH₄ and N₂O
Scope 10.334
0.0578 + 0.334 = 0.391 per kWh
Outside this boundary
- Making the boiler that burns it
- Building the pipelines and the network
BAFU counts the fuel, not the things built to extract, move and burn it.
Gases
BAFU publishes this factor as CO₂e only, with no split by gas. The CO₂e leaves biogenic CO₂ and land-use carbon out; methane from biogenic sources is counted.
From BAFU's record to a comparable factor
BAFU publishes one of the two parts; open-climate.ai estimated the others and added them all up to this total. Here is each field as printed and what open-climate.ai made of it.
The total and its parts
Each part has its own page. Use a part on its own when you report Scope 1 and Scope 3 separately; never add a part to the total.
About this factor
Source and licence
- Value
- Summed by open-climate.ai from its parts
- Publisher
- Bundesamt für Umwelt BAFU
- Library
- BAFU 01-2026
- Published
- 22 January 2026
The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.
Cite this factor
Bundesamt für Umwelt BAFU, Faktenblatt CO2-Emissionsfaktoren des Treibhausgasinventars der Schweiz, Januar 2026. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/bafu_ch/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-bafuch-hardcoal-ch-kwh-well_to_use-8b4551cc/?v=efv1-1c7183e5561b7b3c0bf1f80209c8b369
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