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Emission factor from EPD Italy EPD, product-specific

Galfan-coated steel wire mesh: ARRFORT

Italy · EPD total · Reference year 2026

Each kilogram of this product counts as 2.48 kg CO₂e over the modules its EPD declares: 1.91 to make it (A1–A3) and 0.569 at end of life.

Value per kilogram, over the modules the EPD declares

2.48kgCO₂e/kg

EN 15804 modules A1 to A3 · Fossil only · GWP100 · AR5

Derived by open-climate.ai: the sum of EPD Italy's published parts

The one scenario this EPD declaresReference year 2026

Region
Italy IT
Boundary
EPD total
Data quality
HighRated by us, not by the source
Licence
Open · EPD Italy terms
Declared by
ARRIGO GABBIONI ITALIA S.R.L.

Where 2.48 comes from

Derived by open-climate.ai

Σ 2.48: the two declared modules add up to the total. D stays beside it.

Reporting this kilogram under the GHG Protocol

This period

Scope 3, category 1 1.91

You buy the product for a building that is not yours. The product and its installation go to category 1, the delivery to category 4. The use stage belongs to the building owner; demolition waste you handle is category 5.

Later, when it happens

At end of life, in the year of demolition

  • End of life Scope 3, category 5 0.569

Outside the scopes, reported separately

  • D −0.927

A4, A5, B1 to B7 and C1 to C4 are not declared: nothing to report.

CiteAPI

The factor, standardised

Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.

Materials › Metals · Italy · per kg · Supplier-specific

EPD total · Fossil only · AR5

Boundary
EPD total
Raw materials, inbound transport, fuel supply, fuel combustion, manufacturing, packaging, purchased energy and end of life
GWP method
IPCC AR5, 100-year horizon
Not on the record; set from EPD Italy's method notes · impact method EF 3.0
CO₂e basis
Fossil only
Split by carbon origin, not by gas
Life cycle
Upstream: coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: not coveredEnd of life: partly covered

High quality · Open licence · Any year

Module by module, up to the total

Seventeen EN 15804 modules, always in the same order. Each declared one moves the running total. D sits below zero after the total, because it is reported beside it.

kgCO₂e per kilogram. Each bar starts where the one before ended. Pick a module to read it.
Product
Con­struc­tion
A4 to A5not de­clared
Use
B1 to B7not de­clared
End of life
C3not de­clared
Beyond the boundary

beside the total, not in it

What this number covers

Follow one kilogram of this product through EN 15804's stages. The total counts what the EPD declares; what it leaves out stays visible.

  1. A1-A3Product

    Materials and making the product

    Included1.91

  2. A4-A5Construction

    Delivery and installation

    Not declared

  3. B1-B7Use

    The product in service: maintenance, repair, replacement and the energy and water it uses

    Not declared

  4. C1-C4End of life

    From demolition to disposal; C3 not declared

    C1, C2, C40.569

  5. DBeyond the boundary

    Recovery after end of life

    Not in the total−0.927

Outside this boundary

  • Installation
  • Maintenance
  • Outbound transport
  • Retail
  • Use phase
  • Recycling credit

Maintenance is out because B2 is not declared. The recycling credit is module D, shown beside the total.

Gases

  • Fossil CO₂e2.48
  • Biogenic CO₂e0.00187
  • Land-use CO₂e0.00868

The total counts fossil CO₂e. EPD Italy reports biogenic and land-use CO₂e separately; they are shown beside it, not added.

From EPD Italy's record to a comparable factor

EPD Italy publishes this EPD as one declared value. Each field as printed, and what open-climate.ai made of it.

The total and its modules

Use a module on its own when you report it in a different year or scope; never add one to the total.

You are here · the EPD total2.48
D beside−0.927
The two modules add up to the total; D stays beside it. Each opens its own page.

About this factor

From EPD Italy

What it is

1 kg of the analysed products The EPD covers the following product: Galfan-coated steel mesh ARRFORT, manufactured at a plant in Calolziocorte (LC), which opened in 1950 and provided data for the year 2024. The product is manufactured using special machines for the production of metal mesh, and the site is powered by electricity from the grid, solar photovoltaic systems, and a boiler for space heating. The EPD cover the upstream production phase and the end-of-life phase in Italy. The background data was taken from the Ecoinvent 3.11 database. During the evaluation of the relevant data, using EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, Annex E, Table E.1, no data classified as fair, poor, or very poor was found (reference: UNI EN 15941:2024, Annex C, Example 3). In accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 paragraph 6.3.8.3, the relevant data contribute to 80% of the impact of at least one of the main environmental indicators considered, throughout the entire life cycle, excluding module D. Based on the produced mass No cut-offs were applied

What it includes

"Product composition: Steel: 9.54E-01 kg/UD Aluminium: 2.00E-03 kg/UD Zinc: 4.30E-02 kg/UD"

Where it applies

The product covered by the EPD is a steel nets with Galfan (95% Zinc and 5% Aluminum) coat used for soil and environmental protection "ARRFORT is a double-twisted wire mesh rockfall net designed for slope stabilization works. The product exhibits superior performance characteristics compared to traditional rockfall meshes. The system can be used both as a rockfall protection solution for stabilizing rocky slopes and as an anti-erosion geocomposite on slopes composed of weathered lithoid or mixed materials, as well as for embankment erosion control. In these applications, it provides performance improvements of up to 50% compared to conventional double-twisted rockfall meshes. ARRFORT has an average puncture resistance of 101 kN (in accordance with UNI EN 11437:2012). The ARRFORT system allows designers to use standard double-twisted mesh systems even for solving problems involving higher energy levels than those typically handled by conventional meshes. This expands the range of possible applications while reducing the need to overspecify materials. The ARRFORT rockfall mesh is made of double-twisted hexagonal wire mesh with an 8 × 10 cm aperture, manufactured from steel wire with a diameter of 3.40 mm and coated with a Zinc-Aluminum eutectic alloy (Galfan coating). It is produced in compliance with EU Regulation No. 305/2011 (formerly Directive 89/106/EEC) and the “Guidelines for the certification of technical suitability for the use of double-twisted wire mesh products” issued by the Italian Superior Council of Public Works (Cons. Sup. LL. PP. No. 69/2013). The product is CE marked in accordance with ETA 15/0812 for the following applications: stabilization of unstable slopes, control and prevention of rock and debris falls, soil and asphalt reinforcement, and erosion control systems along roads, highways, and railways."

Source and licence

Value
Summed by open-climate.ai from its parts
Publisher
EPD Italy (ICMQ)
Library
EPD Italy EPD_ITALY_2026-10-02
Published
2 October 2026
Valid until
31 December 2031
See the source data at EPD Italy
EPD Italy's terms of use Open

The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.

Credit it with this lineEPD Italy (ICMQ), EPD data from https://epditaly.lca-data.com
A plain reading of the licence, not legal advice. The licence text prevails.

Cite this factor

EPD Italy (ICMQ), EPD data from https://epditaly.lca-data.com. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/epd_italy/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-epditaly-galfancoated_steel_wire-it-kg-epd_total-4e03ec95/?v=efv1-20c550cd102a8395fc9df749b8c1c6a9

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