Emission factor from EPD Italy EPD, industry average
Hot-rolled reinforcing steel for concrete in bars and coils - EPD 2024
Italy · EPD total · Reference year 2024
Each kilogram of this product counts as 0.766 kg CO₂e over the modules its EPD declares: 0.658 to make it (A1–A3), 0.0352 to deliver and place it (A4) and 0.0725 at end of life.
Value per kilogram, over the modules the EPD declares
0.766kgCO₂e/kg
EN 15804 modules A1 to A4 · Fossil only · GWP100 · AR5
Derived by open-climate.ai: the sum of EPD Italy's published parts
The one scenario this EPD declaresReference year 2024
- Region
- Italy IT
- Boundary
- EPD total
- Data quality
- MediumRated by us, not by the source
- Licence
- Open · EPD Italy terms
- Declared by
- Acciaierie di Sicilia S.p.A.
- Declared unit
- Served per kilogram ÷ 1,000
Where 0.766 comes from
- A1-A3 Product stageDerived by open-climate.aiScope 3, cat. 10.65885.9%
- Scope 3, cat. 40.03524.6%
- End of lifeDerived by open-climate.aiScope 3, cat. 50.07259.5%
- Outside the scopes0.147beside
Σ 0.766: the three declared modules add up to the total. D stays beside it.
Reporting this kilogram under the GHG Protocol
This period
Scope 3, category 1 0.658 Scope 3, category 4 0.0352
You buy the product for a building that is not yours. The product and its installation go to category 1, the delivery to category 4. The use stage belongs to the building owner; demolition waste you handle is category 5.
Later, when it happens
At end of life, in the year of demolition
- End of life Scope 3, category 5 0.0725
Outside the scopes, reported separately
- D 0.147
A5, B1 to B7 and C1 to C4 are not declared: nothing to report.
The factor, standardised
Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.
Materials › Metals · Italy · per kg · Average
EPD total · Fossil only · AR5
- BoundaryEPD totalThe sum of every EN 15804 module an EPD declares, when that set is not the complete A-C grid (MOD-0034). Learn more
- EPD total
- Raw materials, inbound transport, fuel supply, fuel combustion, manufacturing, packaging, purchased energy, outbound transport and end of life
- GWP methodWhich IPCC assessment report's warming potentials convert each gas to CO₂e, and over how many years the warming is counted (GWP100: 100 years). Learn more
- IPCC AR5, 100-year horizon
- Not on the record; set from EPD Italy's method notes · impact method EF 3.0
- CO₂e basisWhich carbon the CO₂e counts. Fossil only leaves out biogenic CO₂ and land use; net total counts every pool, net of removals. The same activity on two bases is two different numbers. Learn more
- Fossil only
- Split by carbon origin, not by gas
- Life cycle
- Upstream: coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: partly coveredEnd of life: partly covered
Medium quality · Open licence · Any year
Module by module, up to the total
Seventeen EN 15804 modules, always in the same order. Each declared one moves the running total. D sits after the total, because it is reported beside it.
beside the total, not in it
| Module | Name | Per kilogram | Per t as declared | Running total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | Raw material supply | 0.43627 | 436.27 | 0.43627 | Declared |
| A2 | Transport to the plant | 0.00637845 | 6.37845 | 0.442649 | Declared |
| A3 | Manufacturing | 0.215723 | 215.723 | 0.658372 | Declared |
| A4 | Transport to site | 0.0351687 | 35.1687 | 0.693541 | Declared |
| A5 | Installation | not declared | 0.693541 | Not declared | |
| B1 | Use | not declared | 0.693541 | Not declared | |
| B2 | Maintenance | not declared | 0.693541 | Not declared | |
| B3 | Repair | not declared | 0.693541 | Not declared | |
| B4 | Replacement | not declared | 0.693541 | Not declared | |
| B5 | Refurbishment | not declared | 0.693541 | Not declared | |
| B6 | Energy in use | not declared | 0.693541 | Not declared | |
| B7 | Water in use | not declared | 0.693541 | Not declared | |
| C1 | Demolition | 0.052601 | 52.601 | 0.746142 | Declared |
| C2 | Waste transport | 0.0173828 | 17.3828 | 0.763525 | Declared |
| C3 | Waste processing | 0.00229503 | 2.29503 | 0.76582 | Declared |
| C4 | Disposal | 0.000270078 | 0.270078 | 0.76609 | Declared |
| Total | EPD total, declared modules | 0.76609 | 766.09 | Sum of the declared modules | |
| D | Beyond the system boundary | 0.146853 | 146.853 | not added | Beside the total, not in it |
Scenarios and units
Some EPDs price a module under several scenarios, such as different end-of-life routes. Each gets a tab, and each module's default is marked.
One scenario, as declared
Every module has one value, so there is nothing to choose.
- Per t, as declared766.09
- Per kilogram, served0.76609
What this number covers
Follow one kilogram of this product through EN 15804's stages. The total counts what the EPD declares; what it leaves out stays visible.
A1-A3Product
Materials and making the product
Included0.658A4-A5Construction
Transport to site only; A5 not declared
A4 only0.0352B1-B7Use
The product in service: maintenance, repair, replacement and the energy and water it uses
Not declaredC1-C4End of life
From demolition to disposal
Included0.0725DBeyond the boundary
Recovery after end of life
Not in the total0.147
Outside this boundary
- Installation
- Maintenance
- Retail
- Use phase
- Recycling credit
Maintenance is out because B2 is not declared. The recycling credit is module D, shown beside the total.
Gases
- Fossil CO₂e0.766
- Biogenic CO₂e0.000363
- Land-use CO₂e0.000227
The total counts fossil CO₂e. EPD Italy reports biogenic and land-use CO₂e separately; they are shown beside it, not added.
From EPD Italy's record to a comparable factor
EPD Italy publishes this EPD with one value per module. Each field as printed, and what open-climate.ai made of it.
The total and its modules
Use a module on its own when you report it in a different year or scope; never add one to the total.
About this factor
From EPD Italy
What it is
According to EN:15804, the declared unit is 1 ton of hot rolled product Data quality has been assessed and validated during data collection process. According to ISO 14040 and 14044, allocation is avoided whenever possible by dividing the system into subsystems. When allocation cannot be avoided physical properties are used to drive flow analysis. According to EN:15804 the applied cut-off criterion for mass and energy flows is 1%.What it includes
Bars: diameters from 6 mm to 32 mm, length up to 18 m, weight up to 2300 kg; Coils: diameters from 6 mm to 16 mm, weight from 1450 kg to 3000 kgWhere it applies
Hot rolled reinforcing steel for concrete in bars and coils Steel coming from post and pre consumer steel scraps produced in electric arc furnace route (EAF) and further hot rolling processSource and licence
- Value
- Summed by open-climate.ai from its parts
- Publisher
- EPD Italy (ICMQ)
- Published
- 2 October 2026
- Valid until
- 31 December 2029
The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.
Cite this factor
EPD Italy (ICMQ), EPD data from https://epditaly.lca-data.com. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/epd_italy/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-epditaly-hotrolled_reinforcing-it-kg-epd_total-19c4e7a0/?v=efv1-b8d45bfea639908755f14282b41cf973
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