Emission factor from ICM 2019
Energy reduction, ventilation system, 6 x 120 m3/
Australia · Energy, full life cycle · Any year
Each kilowatt-hour of heat or steam bought counts as 0.468 kg CO₂e: 0.428 for process LCA (AusLCI) and 0.0396 for input-output supplement (services, capital, machinery).
Value for any year
0.468kgCO₂e/kWh
Biogenic CO₂ excluded · GWP100 · AR4
One value, for any year
ICM sets no date window, so there is no year to pick.
Reference year 2015
- Region
- Australia AU
- Boundary
- Energy, full life cycle
- Data quality
- MediumRated by us, not by the source
- Licence
- Open · CC BY 4.0
Where 0.468 comes from
- Process LCA (AusLCI)Energy, full life cycleScope 1 Scope 3, cat. 2 and 30.42891.5%
- Input-output supplement (services, capital, machinery)Derived by open-climate.aiOther stagesNo scope0.03968.5%
Σ 0.468: the two parts add up to ICM's published total.
Reporting this kilowatt-hour under the GHG Protocol
Scope 1 + Scope 3, categories 2 and 3 0.428
This one figure covers all three together; no split between them is given.
Emissions from equipment you run are direct emissions, so they are your Scope 1.
Building the plant is a capital good: Scope 3, category 2.
Producing and delivering the fuel it burns happened upstream: Scope 3, category 3.
The factor, standardised
Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.
Heat and cooling › Heat generation · Australia · per kWh · Average
Energy, full life cycle · Excl. biogenic CO₂ · AR4
- BoundaryEnergy, full life cycleFull life-cycle emissions of one unit of energy service (a kWh generated, or a vehicle-, passenger- or tonne-kilometre moved): extraction and delivery of the fuel or electricity, its combustion in the plant or vehicle, and the manufacture of the generating asset or vehicle itself amortized over its lifetime output. Learn more
- Energy, full life cycle
- Fuel supply, generation, capital goods and overheads and services
- GWP methodWhich IPCC assessment report's warming potentials convert each gas to CO₂e, and over how many years the warming is counted (GWP100: 100 years). Learn more
- IPCC AR4, 100-year horizon
- Not on the record; inferred by open-climate.ai
- CO₂e basisWhich carbon the CO₂e counts. Fossil only leaves out biogenic CO₂ and land use; net total counts every pool, net of removals. The same activity on two bases is two different numbers. Learn more
- Excl. biogenic CO₂
- Not split by gas; CO₂e only
Medium quality · Open licence · Any year
What this number covers
The path of one kilowatt-hour of heat, from the fuel to your meter. Every step on it is counted.
Process LCA (AusLCI)
IncludedScope 10.428Input-output supplement (services, capital, machinery)
Included0.0396Your meter
1 kWh used. The factor is per kWh measured here.
= 0.468
Gases
ICM publishes this factor as CO₂e only, with no split by gas. The CO₂e leaves biogenic CO₂ out.
From ICM's record to a comparable factor
ICM publishes this factor as one record with two sub-lines. Here is each field as printed and what open-climate.ai made of it.
The total and its parts
Each part has its own page. Never add a part to the total.
About this factor
ICM gives no description for this factor.
Source and licence
- Publisher
- UNSW Sydney, Integrated Carbon Metrics (ICM) Database
- Library
- ICM 2019
- Record
- 325
The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.
Cite this factor
Wiedmann, T., Teh, S. H. and Yu, M. (2019) ICM Database - Integrated Carbon Metrics Embodied Carbon Life Cycle Inventory Database, UNSW Sydney. CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/icm/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-icm-energy_reduction-au-kwh-energy_lifecycle-3d5b046b/?v=efv1-fb3de046d15d94888a74aa6ed748ed07
Something looks wrong?
Tell us which value and why. We check it against the source and answer within a week.