Emission factor from KEITI 20260630 EPD, product-specific
Building precast concrete (PC) - culvert[35MPa]
Korea · Cradle to gate · Reference year 2026
Each litre of this product counts as 0.453 kg CO₂e up to the factory gate over the modules its EPD declares: 0.395 for pre-manufacturing and 0.058 for manufacturing.
Value per litre, over the modules the EPD declares
0.453kgCO₂e/L
EN 15804 modules A1 to A3 · Biogenic CO₂ and land use excluded · GWP100 · AR2
The one scenario this EPD declaresReference year 2026
- Region
- Korea KR
- Boundary
- Cradle to gate
- Data quality
- HighRated by us, not by the source
- Licence
- Open · KEITI terms
- Declared by
- (주) 덕산지에스
- Declared unit
- 1 kgCO2e/m3, served per litre ÷ 1,000
Where 0.453 comes from
- Pre-manufacturingRaw materials and inputsScope 3, cat. 20.39587.2%
- Scope 3, cat. 20.05812.8%
Σ 0.453: the two declared modules add up to the total.
Reporting this litre under the GHG Protocol
Scope 3, category 2 0.453
The product becomes part of a building you own. The product and its installation go to category 2 in the year you buy it, the delivery to category 4. Use and end of life are reported in the years they happen.
The factor, standardised
Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.
Materials › Construction products · Korea · per L · Supplier-specific
Cradle to gate · Excl. biogenic CO₂ · AR2
- BoundaryCradle to gateExtraction of raw materials through production, up to the producer's factory gate. Learn more
- Cradle to gate
- Raw materials, inbound transport, fuel supply, fuel combustion, manufacturing, packaging and purchased energy
- GWP methodWhich IPCC assessment report's warming potentials convert each gas to CO₂e, and over how many years the warming is counted (GWP100: 100 years). Learn more
- IPCC AR2, 100-year horizon
- As printed by KEITI
- CO₂e basisWhich carbon the CO₂e counts. Fossil only leaves out biogenic CO₂ and land use; net total counts every pool, net of removals. The same activity on two bases is two different numbers. Learn more
- Excl. biogenic CO₂
- Not split by gas; CO₂e only
- Life cycle
- Upstream: coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: not coveredEnd of life: not covered
High quality · Open licence · Any year
Scenarios and units
Some EPDs price a module under several scenarios, such as different end-of-life routes. Each gets a tab, and each module's default is marked.
One scenario, as declared
Every module has one value, so there is nothing to choose.
- Per kgCO2e/m3, as declared453.269
- Per litre, served0.453269
What this number covers
Follow one litre of this product through EN 15804's stages. The total counts what the EPD declares; what it leaves out stays visible.
A1-A3Product
Materials and making the product
Not declaredA4-A5Construction
Delivery and installation
Not declaredB1-B7Use
The product in service: maintenance, repair, replacement and the energy and water it uses
Not declaredC1-C4End of life
From demolition to disposal
Not declaredDBeyond the boundary
Recovery after end of life
Not declared
Outside this boundary
- Installation
- Maintenance
- Outbound transport
- Retail
- Use phase
- End of life
- Recycling credit
Maintenance is out because B2 is not declared.
Gases
KEITI publishes this factor as CO₂e only, with no split by gas. The CO₂e leaves biogenic CO₂ and land-use carbon out; methane from biogenic sources is counted.
From KEITI's record to a comparable factor
KEITI publishes this EPD as one declared value. Each field as printed, and what open-climate.ai made of it.
The total and its modules
Use a module on its own when you report it in a different year or scope; never add one to the total.
About this factor
KEITI gives no description for this factor. Filed under 생산재.
Source and licence
- Publisher
- KEITI 환경성적표지 (Korea EPD)
- Library
- KEITI 20260630
- Record
- 2026-0311
- Published
- 30 June 2026
- Valid from
- 24 April 2026
- Valid until
- 23 April 2029
The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.
이용허락범위 제한 없음
Cite this factor
한국환경산업기술원 (KEITI), 환경성적표지 유효 인증현황, 공공데이터포털 (data.go.kr). Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/keiti_epd_korea/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-keitiepdkorea-2026_0311_p474-kr-l-cradle_to_gate-f4705c61/?v=efv1-4cf3bfdf6c80a37e2a8876832ba38294
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