Emission factor from Kiwa-EE EPD, product-specific

Welded and surface treated steel structures made of EAF steel (SIA BELMAST)

Latvia · EPD total · Reference year 2024

Each kilogram of this product counts as 1.11 kg CO₂e over the modules its EPD declares: 1 to make it (A1–A3), 0.0378 to deliver and place it (A4) and 0.0656 at end of life.

Value per kilogram, over the modules the EPD declares

1.11kgCO₂e/kg

EN 15804 modules A1 to A4 · Fossil only · GWP100 · AR5

Derived by open-climate.ai: the sum of Kiwa-EE's published parts

Standard scenarioReference year 2024

Region
Latvia LV
Boundary
EPD total
Data quality
HighRated by us, not by the source
Licence
Open · Kiwa-EE terms
Declared by
SIA BELMAST

Where 1.11 comes from

Derived by open-climate.ai

Σ 1.11: the three declared modules add up to the total. D stays beside it.

Reporting this kilogram under the GHG Protocol

This period

Scope 3, category 1 1 Scope 3, category 4 0.0378

You buy the product for a building that is not yours. The product and its installation go to category 1, the delivery to category 4. The use stage belongs to the building owner; demolition waste you handle is category 5.

Later, when it happens

At end of life, in the year of demolition

  • End of life Scope 3, category 5 0.0656

Outside the scopes, reported separately

  • D −0.197

A5, B1 to B7 and C1 to C4 are not declared: nothing to report.

CiteAPI

The factor, standardised

Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.

Materials › Metals · Latvia · per kg · Supplier-specific

EPD total · Fossil only · AR5

Boundary
EPD total
Raw materials, inbound transport, fuel supply, fuel combustion, manufacturing, packaging, purchased energy, outbound transport and end of life
GWP method
IPCC AR5, 100-year horizon
Not on the record; set from Kiwa-EE's method notes · impact method EF 3.1
CO₂e basis
Fossil only
Split by carbon origin, not by gas
Life cycle
Upstream: coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: partly coveredEnd of life: partly covered

High quality · Open licence · Any year

Module by module, up to the total

Seventeen EN 15804 modules, always in the same order. Each declared one moves the running total. D sits below zero after the total, because it is reported beside it.

kgCO₂e per kilogram. Each bar starts where the one before ended. Pick a module to read it.
Product
Con­struc­tion
A5not de­clared
Use
B1 to B7not de­clared
End of life
Beyond the boundary

beside the total, not in it

What this number covers

Follow one kilogram of this product through EN 15804's stages. The total counts what the EPD declares; what it leaves out stays visible.

  1. A1-A3Product

    Materials and making the product

    Included1
  2. A4-A5Construction

    Transport to site only; A5 not declared

    A4 only0.0378
  3. B1-B7Use

    The product in service: maintenance, repair, replacement and the energy and water it uses

    Not declared
  4. C1-C4End of life

    From demolition to disposal

    Included0.0656
  5. DBeyond the boundary

    Recovery after end of life

    Not in the total−0.197

Outside this boundary

  • Installation
  • Maintenance
  • Retail
  • Use phase
  • Recycling credit

Maintenance is out because B2 is not declared. The recycling credit is module D, shown beside the total.

Gases

  • Fossil CO₂e1.11
  • Biogenic CO₂e−0.00955
  • Land-use CO₂e0.000657

The total counts fossil CO₂e. Kiwa-EE reports biogenic and land-use CO₂e separately; they are shown beside it, not added.

From Kiwa-EE's record to a comparable factor

Kiwa-EE publishes this EPD with one value per module. Each field as printed, and what open-climate.ai made of it.

The total and its modules

Use a module on its own when you report it in a different year or scope; never add one to the total.

You are here · the EPD total1.11
D beside−0.197
The three modules add up to the total; D stays beside it. Each opens its own page.

About this factor

From Kiwa-EE

What it is

The owner of this EPD shall be liable for the underlying information and evidence. The programme operator Kiwa-Ecobility Experts shall not be liable with respect to manufacturer data, life cycle assessment data and evidence. This is a Cradle to gate with options, modules C1-C4 and module D EPD.

What it includes

Established in 2000, SIA Belmast has evolved into a leading manufacturer of steel structures, employing over 100 professionals. The company specializes in the production of steel frames and other steel structures for civil and industrial engineering projects. With uncompromised commitment to quality, Belmast delivers reliable solutions tailored to diverse construction needs. Welded and surface-treated (primed and painted) steel structures are customized components for various applications, including both load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures. These steel structures are fabricated using Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steel, which is produced by melting scrap metal and other materials with electrical arcs to create steel with specific properties. This EPD refers to steel structures made exclusively from Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steel. The steel structures are manufactured according to EN 1090-2, up to EXC 3, and are CE marked. UN CPC code: 421 Structural metal products and parts thereof. Steel structures of industrial and civil objects are made according to the developed drawings. In a typical steel structure manufacturing process, the individual components such as carbon steel material (hot-rolled steel plates, profiles, bars, sections), welding consumables, coating materials (primers and paints) and other auxiliary materials are delivered to the production facility. The manufacturing contains the following steps: Extraction and delivery of raw materials; Shot blasting; Cutting; Assembling; Welding; Coating; Storage; Transportation (delivery of finished products). All the raw materials are mainly delivered by inland transport, e.g. trucks or railways. Until the materials are actually used in production, they are stored in the warehouse. The following processes are performed in the production facility: shot blasting, cutting of plates, profiles, bars and sections, assembly, welding, priming and painting of structures (the paint layer depends on the customer's requirements) and packaging for deliveries All inputs, including raw materials, primary products, energy, and auxiliary materials as well as the accumulated waste are considered in the assessment. The use of the final product is not within the manufacturer's sphere of influence. Therefore, modules B1-7 have not been considered.

Where it applies

The products are prefabricated elements for building industry (e.g. columns, beams, trusses, connections) or various auxiliary instalments, e.g. telecommunications towers and masts, and other construction elements. The harmonized standard for steel structures is EN 1090-2 (certification under system 2+). Steel structures are manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the harmonized standard EN 1090-2, up to EXC 3. The finished products are CE marked. According to the Construction Products Regulation CPR (EU) No. 305/2011, the essential properties of products are declared in the CE marking and Declaration of Performance (DoP). Factory production control ensures the quality of the products. Regular quality measures including, but not limited to, inspections and testing of raw materials, manufacturing equipment, cutting and welding processes, coating thickness and final inspection of the final product. Proofs of the final products are documented. Additional certifications: ISO 9001, ISO 14001. Proofs are available on the webpage https:// www.belmast.lv and in the global IAF CertSearch database https://www.iafcertsearch.org/. Market: Latvia, Sweden, Finland and other European countries.

Source and licence

Value
Summed by open-climate.ai from its parts
Publisher
Kiwa-Ecobility Experts EPD programme (Kiwa GmbH)
Published
2 October 2026
Valid until
31 December 2030
See the source data at Kiwa-EE

The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.

Credit it with this lineKiwa-Ecobility Experts EPD programme (Kiwa GmbH), EPD data from https://kiwa.lca-data.com
A plain reading of the licence, not legal advice. The licence text prevails.

Cite this factor

Kiwa-Ecobility Experts EPD programme (Kiwa GmbH), EPD data from https://kiwa.lca-data.com. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/kiwa_ee/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-kiwaee-welded_and_surface-lv-kg-epd_total-2f8413c7/?v=efv1-d23d725dcc269ae7e31db3b0309fe3c2

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