Emission factor from Kiwa-EE EPD, product-specific
Welded and surface treated steel structures made of EAF steel (SIA BELMAST)
Latvia · EPD total · Reference year 2024
Each kilogram of this product counts as 1.11 kg CO₂e over the modules its EPD declares: 1 to make it (A1–A3), 0.0378 to deliver and place it (A4) and 0.0656 at end of life.
Value per kilogram, over the modules the EPD declares
1.11kgCO₂e/kg
EN 15804 modules A1 to A4 · Fossil only · GWP100 · AR5
Derived by open-climate.ai: the sum of Kiwa-EE's published parts
Standard scenarioReference year 2024
- Region
- Latvia LV
- Boundary
- EPD total
- Data quality
- HighRated by us, not by the source
- Licence
- Open · Kiwa-EE terms
- Declared by
- SIA BELMAST
Where 1.11 comes from
- A1-A3 Product stageScope 3, cat. 1190.7%
- Scope 3, cat. 40.03783.4%
- End of lifeDerived by open-climate.aiScope 3, cat. 50.06565.9%
- Outside the scopes−0.197beside
Σ 1.11: the three declared modules add up to the total. D stays beside it.
Reporting this kilogram under the GHG Protocol
This period
Scope 3, category 1 1 Scope 3, category 4 0.0378
You buy the product for a building that is not yours. The product and its installation go to category 1, the delivery to category 4. The use stage belongs to the building owner; demolition waste you handle is category 5.
Later, when it happens
At end of life, in the year of demolition
- End of life Scope 3, category 5 0.0656
Outside the scopes, reported separately
- D −0.197
A5, B1 to B7 and C1 to C4 are not declared: nothing to report.
The factor, standardised
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Materials › Metals · Latvia · per kg · Supplier-specific
EPD total · Fossil only · AR5
- BoundaryEPD totalThe sum of every EN 15804 module an EPD declares, when that set is not the complete A-C grid (MOD-0034). Learn more
- EPD total
- Raw materials, inbound transport, fuel supply, fuel combustion, manufacturing, packaging, purchased energy, outbound transport and end of life
- GWP methodWhich IPCC assessment report's warming potentials convert each gas to CO₂e, and over how many years the warming is counted (GWP100: 100 years). Learn more
- IPCC AR5, 100-year horizon
- Not on the record; set from Kiwa-EE's method notes · impact method EF 3.1
- CO₂e basisWhich carbon the CO₂e counts. Fossil only leaves out biogenic CO₂ and land use; net total counts every pool, net of removals. The same activity on two bases is two different numbers. Learn more
- Fossil only
- Split by carbon origin, not by gas
- Life cycle
- Upstream: coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: partly coveredEnd of life: partly covered
High quality · Open licence · Any year
Module by module, up to the total
Seventeen EN 15804 modules, always in the same order. Each declared one moves the running total. D sits below zero after the total, because it is reported beside it.
beside the total, not in it
| Module | Name | Per kilogram | Running total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | Raw material supply | 0.685207 | 0.685207 | Declared |
| A2 | Transport to the plant | 0.200958 | 0.886165 | Declared |
| A3 | Manufacturing | 0.11632 | 1.00249 | Declared |
| A4 | Transport to site | 0.037765 | 1.04025 | Declared |
| A5 | Installation | not declared | 1.04025 | Not declared |
| B1 | Use | not declared | 1.04025 | Not declared |
| B2 | Maintenance | not declared | 1.04025 | Not declared |
| B3 | Repair | not declared | 1.04025 | Not declared |
| B4 | Replacement | not declared | 1.04025 | Not declared |
| B5 | Refurbishment | not declared | 1.04025 | Not declared |
| B6 | Energy in use | not declared | 1.04025 | Not declared |
| B7 | Water in use | not declared | 1.04025 | Not declared |
| C1 | Demolition | 0.00360598 | 1.04386 | Declared |
| C2 | Waste transport | 0.00647779 | 1.05033 | Declared |
| C3 | Waste processing | 0.0554707 | 1.1058 | Declared |
| C4 | Disposal | 0.00005266 | 1.10586 | Declared |
| Total | EPD total, declared modules | 1.10586 | Sum of the declared modules | |
| D | Beyond the system boundary | −0.197009 | not added | Beside the total, not in it |
What this number covers
Follow one kilogram of this product through EN 15804's stages. The total counts what the EPD declares; what it leaves out stays visible.
A1-A3Product
Materials and making the product
Included1A4-A5Construction
Transport to site only; A5 not declared
A4 only0.0378B1-B7Use
The product in service: maintenance, repair, replacement and the energy and water it uses
Not declaredC1-C4End of life
From demolition to disposal
Included0.0656DBeyond the boundary
Recovery after end of life
Not in the total−0.197
Outside this boundary
- Installation
- Maintenance
- Retail
- Use phase
- Recycling credit
Maintenance is out because B2 is not declared. The recycling credit is module D, shown beside the total.
Gases
- Fossil CO₂e1.11
- Biogenic CO₂e−0.00955
- Land-use CO₂e0.000657
The total counts fossil CO₂e. Kiwa-EE reports biogenic and land-use CO₂e separately; they are shown beside it, not added.
From Kiwa-EE's record to a comparable factor
Kiwa-EE publishes this EPD with one value per module. Each field as printed, and what open-climate.ai made of it.
The total and its modules
Use a module on its own when you report it in a different year or scope; never add one to the total.
About this factor
From Kiwa-EE
What it is
The owner of this EPD shall be liable for the underlying information and evidence. The programme operator Kiwa-Ecobility Experts shall not be liable with respect to manufacturer data, life cycle assessment data and evidence. This is a Cradle to gate with options, modules C1-C4 and module D EPD.What it includes
Established in 2000, SIA Belmast has evolved into a leading manufacturer of steel structures, employing over 100 professionals. The company specializes in the production of steel frames and other steel structures for civil and industrial engineering projects. With uncompromised commitment to quality, Belmast delivers reliable solutions tailored to diverse construction needs. Welded and surface-treated (primed and painted) steel structures are customized components for various applications, including both load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures. These steel structures are fabricated using Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steel, which is produced by melting scrap metal and other materials with electrical arcs to create steel with specific properties. This EPD refers to steel structures made exclusively from Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steel. The steel structures are manufactured according to EN 1090-2, up to EXC 3, and are CE marked. UN CPC code: 421 Structural metal products and parts thereof. Steel structures of industrial and civil objects are made according to the developed drawings. In a typical steel structure manufacturing process, the individual components such as carbon steel material (hot-rolled steel plates, profiles, bars, sections), welding consumables, coating materials (primers and paints) and other auxiliary materials are delivered to the production facility. The manufacturing contains the following steps: Extraction and delivery of raw materials; Shot blasting; Cutting; Assembling; Welding; Coating; Storage; Transportation (delivery of finished products). All the raw materials are mainly delivered by inland transport, e.g. trucks or railways. Until the materials are actually used in production, they are stored in the warehouse. The following processes are performed in the production facility: shot blasting, cutting of plates, profiles, bars and sections, assembly, welding, priming and painting of structures (the paint layer depends on the customer's requirements) and packaging for deliveries All inputs, including raw materials, primary products, energy, and auxiliary materials as well as the accumulated waste are considered in the assessment. The use of the final product is not within the manufacturer's sphere of influence. Therefore, modules B1-7 have not been considered.Where it applies
The products are prefabricated elements for building industry (e.g. columns, beams, trusses, connections) or various auxiliary instalments, e.g. telecommunications towers and masts, and other construction elements. The harmonized standard for steel structures is EN 1090-2 (certification under system 2+). Steel structures are manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the harmonized standard EN 1090-2, up to EXC 3. The finished products are CE marked. According to the Construction Products Regulation CPR (EU) No. 305/2011, the essential properties of products are declared in the CE marking and Declaration of Performance (DoP). Factory production control ensures the quality of the products. Regular quality measures including, but not limited to, inspections and testing of raw materials, manufacturing equipment, cutting and welding processes, coating thickness and final inspection of the final product. Proofs of the final products are documented. Additional certifications: ISO 9001, ISO 14001. Proofs are available on the webpage https:// www.belmast.lv and in the global IAF CertSearch database https://www.iafcertsearch.org/. Market: Latvia, Sweden, Finland and other European countries.Source and licence
- Value
- Summed by open-climate.ai from its parts
- Publisher
- Kiwa-Ecobility Experts EPD programme (Kiwa GmbH)
- Library
- Kiwa-EE KIWA_EE_2026-10-02
- Published
- 2 October 2026
- Valid until
- 31 December 2030
The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.
Cite this factor
Kiwa-Ecobility Experts EPD programme (Kiwa GmbH), EPD data from https://kiwa.lca-data.com. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/kiwa_ee/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-kiwaee-welded_and_surface-lv-kg-epd_total-2f8413c7/?v=efv1-d23d725dcc269ae7e31db3b0309fe3c2
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