Value for any year

0.953kgCO₂e/kg

Biogenic CO₂ and land use excluded · GWP100 · AR6

FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂GHG Protocol and IPCC inventories

One value, for any year

ProBas sets no date window, so there is no year to pick.

Reference year 2015

Region: Germany DE
Boundary: Cradle to gate
Data quality: MediumRated by us, not by the source
Licence: Open · ProBas terms

Where 0.953 comes from

Published as one number

ProBas prints this factor as a single figure, with no parts to add up.

Reporting this kilogram under the GHG Protocol

Scope 3, category 2 0.953

Bought as a capital good that you keep, it is Scope 3, category 2, counted in the year you buy it.

CiteAPI

The factor, standardised

Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.

Materials › Construction products · Germany · per kg · Average

Category: Materials › Construction products; Browse it to compare every publisher's factors
Activity: Stones and earths: cement, DE, 2015; ProBas: Steine-Erden\Zement-DE-2015
Region: GermanyDE
Per unit: kg; Published as 1 kg (1 kg Zement); no conversion needed
Data type: Average; No supplier named
Classified as: NACE Rev. 1.126.51 Herstellung von Zement

Cradle to gate · Excl. biogenic CO₂ · AR6

Boundary: Cradle to gate; Raw materials, inbound transport, fuel supply, fuel combustion, manufacturing, packaging, purchased energy and capital goods
GWP method: IPCC AR6, 100-year horizon; Re-weighted by open-climate.ai from ProBas's AR5 figure of 0.953 kgCO₂e/kg
CO₂e basis: Excl. biogenic CO₂FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂GHG Protocol and IPCC inventories; Split by gas
Life cycle: Upstream: coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: not coveredEnd of life: not covered

Medium quality · Open licence · Any year

Data quality: Medium; Rated by us, not by the source
Applies to: Any year; Reference year 2015 · one value; ProBas sets no date window
Origin: Re-weighted by open-climate.ai from ProBas's AR5 figure; Record dc0864c2-2066-4ce8-9c48-bae64f12a09d
Licence: Open · ProBas's terms of use; Free to reuse, with attribution

What this number covers

What ProBas counts in the figure for one kilogram, phase by phase.

Upstream
- Transport to the plant
- Raw materials
- Fuel supply chain
Included
Production
- Fuel combustion
- Manufacturing
- Packaging
- Purchased electricity and heat
Included
Also counted
- Plant and equipment
Included
Your record
1 kg in your records. The factor is per kg.
= 0.953

Outside this boundary

Installation
Maintenance
Transport to the border
Retail
Use
End of life
Recycling credit

ProBas does not count any of this in the figure for one kilogram.

Gases

Basis: Excl. biogenic CO₂FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂GHG Protocol and IPCC inventories

Fossil CO₂0.93397.9%
Methane (CH₄)0.01351.4%
Nitrous oxide (N₂O)0.006550.7%

Σ 0.933 + 0.0135 + 0.00655 = 0.953051, which ProBas rounds to 0.953.

Also printed, as zero: sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆).

Each gas is converted to CO₂e with AR6 100-year warming potentials; biogenic CO₂ and land-use carbon are left out, while methane from biogenic sources is counted.

From ProBas's record to a comparable factor

ProBas publishes this factor as one record. Here is each field as printed and what open-climate.ai made of it.

ProBas fields and their standardised form
ProBas field	As printed		Served as
Record id	dc0864c2-2066-4ce8-9c48-bae64f12a09d	→	Source record dc0864c2-2066-4ce8-9c48-bae64f12a09d, linked below
Name and location	Steine-Erden\Zement-DE-2015 · DE	→	Stones and earths: cement, DE, 2015 · Germany, DE
Category	Herstellung von Glas und Glaswaren, Keramik, Verarbeitung von Steinen und Erden > Herstellung von Zement	→	Materials › Construction products
Boundary	1 kg Zement	→	Cradle to gate
Total	0.953	→	0.953 kgCO₂e/kg, cradle to gate
Unit	1 kg (1 kg Zement)	→	per kg
GWP	AR5	→	AR6, GWP100
Publication date	16/09/2020	→	Published 16 September 2020; applies to any year

Checks this factor passed

The three gases add up to the total: CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O.
Printed total restated by open-climate.ai from AR5 to AR6 with the published gas split: 0.953 → 0.953 kgCO₂e/kg.
Unit, region, boundary and method mapped to fixed code lists.
Description translated from German; the original is one click away.

How we standardise every library

About this factor

From ProBas

Translated from German

Grinding of clinker: The further processing of the clinker consists for the most part of grinding and conditioning the clinker. In this process the share of additives is ground along according to the cement types. The types differ only in the kind and amount of the additives. The literature used in this balance refers to Germany at the beginning of the 90er Jahre (#2, #3). Only Portland cement is accounted for. It makes up approx. 75 % of total cement production. The data quality can be regarded as sufficiently good. Origin of the data: Mass balance, It is assumed that no mass losses occur during the grinding process. Per tonne of ground Portland cement, 1000 kg of precursor materials must therefore be used. Usually approx. 4 % gypsum is added to Portland cement. Per tonne of Portland cement, therefore, only 960 kg/t of ground clinker and 40 kg of gypsum are required. The gypsum is not accounted for in GEMIS. Energy demand: In the years from 1960 to 1985 the electrical energy demand rose from 80 to 110 kWh/t according to #1. Since then the energy demand has stagnated. This is due to the higher quality requirements of the product, so that despite more efficient grinding technology the energy demand rose or currently stagnates. According to #2 the electrical energy consumption of cement production in 1994 was 108 kWh/t or 390 MJ/t cement. This figure covers both the drying-grinding of the raw materials and the fine grinding of the clinker. For the fine grinding, after deducting the energy consumption of the drying-grinding, an energy demand of approx. 325 MJ/t cement results. This value is adopted in GEMIS. Process-related air emissions: Since no mass losses are assumed, no dust emissions need to be accounted for. Further process-related air emissions are not conceivable. Water use: The process of grinding the cement constituents is dry. Therefore no water is used. Wastewater constituents: The process described is free of wastewater. Residues: No residues arise that cannot be returned into the process. Accordingly no residues are accounted for. Load factor: 5000h/a Fuel/input: Building materials Firm capacity: 100% Year: 2000 Lifetime: 20a Rated power: 1t/h Efficiency: 100% Product: Building materials

Show ProBas's original (German)

Mahlen von Klinker: Die Weiterverarbeitung des Klinkers besteht zum größten Teil aus dem Mahlen und Konditionieren des Klinkers. Dabei wird entsprechend den Zementsorten der Anteil der Zuschlagsstoffe mit gemahlen. Die Sorten unterscheiden sich lediglich hinsichtlich der Art und der Menge der Zuschlagsstoffe. Die in dieser Bilanz verwendete Literatur bezieht sich auf Deutschland zu Beginn der 90er Jahre (#2, #3). Bilanziert wird nur Portlandzement. Dieser macht ca 75 % der gesamten Zementproduktion aus. Die Datenqualität ist als hinreichend gut anzusehen. Genese der Daten: Massenbilanz - Es wird davon ausgegangen, daß es während des Mahlprozesses nicht zu Massenverlusten kommt. Bezogen auf die Tonne gemahlenen Portlandzements müssen daher 1000 kg Vorprodukte eingesetzt werden. Portlandzement werden in der Regel ca. 4 % Gips zugegeben. Bezogen auf eine Tonne Portlandzement werden daher nur 960 kg/t gemahlener Klinker und 40 kg Gips benötigt. Der Gips wird in GEMIS nicht bilanziert. Energiebedarf: In den Jahren von 1960 bis 1985 stieg nach #1 der elektrische Energieaufwand von 80 auf 110 kWh/t an. Seitdem stagniert der Energiebedarf. Das ist auf die höheren Anforderungen an die Qualität des Produktes zurückzuführen, so daß trotz effizienterer Mahltechnik der Energiebedarf stieg bzw. derzeit stagniert. Nach Angaben von #2 lag der elektrische Energieverbrauch der Zementherstellung 1994 bei 108 kWh/t respektive 390 MJ/t Zement. Diese Angabe umfaßt sowohl die Mahltrocknung der Rohmaterialien als auch Feinstmahlung des Klinkers. Für die Feinstmahlung ergibt sich somit ein Energiebedarf nach Abzug des Energieverbrauchs der Mahltrocknung von ca. 325 MJ/t Zement. Dieser Wert wird in GEMIS übernommen. Prozessbedingte Luftemissionen: Da von keinen Massenverlusten ausgegangen wird, sind keine staubförmigen Emissionen zu bilanzieren. Weitere prozessbedingte Luftemissionen sind nicht denkbar. Wasserinanspruchnahme: Der Prozess des Aufmahlens der Zementbestandteile verläuft trocken. Es wird daher kein Wasser in Anspruch genommen. Abwasserinhaltsstoffe: Der beschriebene Prozess verläuft abwasserfrei. Reststoffe: Es fallen keine Reststoffe an, die nicht wieder in den Prozess eingebracht werden können. Demnach werden keine Reststoffe bilanziert. Auslastung: 5000h/a Brenn-/Einsatzstoff: Baustoffe gesicherte Leistung: 100% Jahr: 2000 Lebensdauer: 20a Leistung: 1t/h Nutzungsgrad: 100% Produkt: Baustoffe

Source and licence

Publisher: Umweltbundesamt (German Environment Agency), ProBas
Library: ProBas v02.44.152
Record: dc0864c2-2066-4ce8-9c48-bae64f12a09d
Published: 16 September 2020

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Es gelten die Probas Nutzungsbedingungen, die hier eingesehen werden können: https://probas.umweltbundesamt.de/daten/static/Nutzungsbedingungen_ProBas.pdf

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Cite this factor

ProBas, Umweltbundesamt. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/probas/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-probas-steineerdenzementde2015-de-kg-cradle_to_gate-4649b572/?v=efv1-1fa118343441aa82829252ae580c2c6c

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Value for any year

Where 0.953 comes from

Reporting this kilogram under the GHG Protocol

The factor, standardised

What it measures

What it covers

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What this number covers

Upstream

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