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Emission factor from GEMIS v5.2

Butter

Germany · Cradle to store gate · Any year

Each kilogram of this food counts as 23 kg CO₂e up to the shop shelf. GEMIS gives one figure, for use in any year.

Value, cradle to store gate

23kgCO₂e/kg

Biogenic CO₂ and land use excluded · GWP100 · AR6

FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂GHG Protocol and IPCC inventories

One value, for any year

GEMIS sets no date window, so there is no year to pick.

Reference year 2015

Region
Germany DE
Boundary
Cradle to store gate
Data quality
MediumRated by us, not by the source
Licence
Share-alike · GEMIS terms

Where 23 comes from

Published as one number

GEMIS prints this factor as a single figure, with no parts to add up.

Reporting this kilogram under the GHG Protocol

Scope 3, category 1 23

Goods and services you buy are Scope 3, category 1, purchased goods and services.

CiteAPI

The factor, standardised

Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.

Food and agriculture › Processed food · Germany · per kg · Average

Cradle to store gate · Excl. biogenic CO₂ · AR6

Boundary
Cradle to store gate
Raw materials, manufacturing, packaging, outbound transport, retail and capital goods
GWP method
IPCC AR6, 100-year horizon
Re-weighted by open-climate.ai from GEMIS's AR5 figure of 22.8 kgCO₂e/kg
CO₂e basis
Excl. biogenic CO₂FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂GHG Protocol and IPCC inventories
Split by gas
Life cycle
Upstream: coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: partly coveredEnd of life: not covered

Medium quality · Copyleft licence · Any year

What this number covers

What GEMIS counts in the figure for one kilogram, phase by phase.

  1. Upstream

    • Raw materials
    Included

  2. Production

    • Manufacturing
    • Packaging
    Included

  3. Downstream

    • Outbound transport
    • Retail
    Partly included

  4. Also counted

    • Capital goods
    Included

  5. Your record

    1 kg in your records. The factor is per kg.

    = 23

Outside this boundary

  • Use phase
  • Throwing away packaging and leftovers

GEMIS does not count any of this in the figure for one kilogram.

Gases

Basis: Excl. biogenic CO₂FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂GHG Protocol and IPCC inventories

  • Methane (CH₄)11.449.7%
  • Nitrous oxide (N₂O)6.9830.4%
  • Fossil CO₂4.5619.9%

Σ 4.56 + 11.4 + 6.98 = 22.9521, which GEMIS rounds to 23.

Each gas is converted to CO₂e with AR6 100-year warming potentials; biogenic CO₂ and land-use carbon are left out, while methane from biogenic sources is counted.

From GEMIS's record to a comparable factor

GEMIS publishes this factor as one record. Here is each field as printed and what open-climate.ai made of it.

About this factor

From GEMIS

What it is

In German
frei Einzelhandel, je kg Ware

What it includes

In German
Gesamter Lebenszyklus inkl. Transporte + Materialvorleistung, ohne Entsorgung. Bezugspunkt Produktbereitstellung, d.h. ohne Zubereitung/Verzehr

Source and licence

Publisher
IINAS (International Institute for Sustainability Analysis and Strategy)
Library
GEMIS 5.2 (2025-12-01)
Published
1 December 2025
Open the record at GEMIS
GEMIS's terms of use Copyleft

Served in full. Whatever you build on it must carry the same licence.

Credit it with this lineIINAS (2025): GEMIS 5.2, iinas.org/gemis
A plain reading of the licence, not legal advice. The licence text prevails.

Cite this factor

IINAS (2025): GEMIS 5.2, iinas.org/gemis. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/gemis/ (CC BY-SA 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-gemis-butter-de-kg-cradle_to_store_gate-cd41acf2/?v=efv1-45ce81c1b6ff7938c14318e2e3619cf3

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