Emission factor from IGES v11.7
Grid electricity generation, operating margin (CDM) - CDM EB; Ex-post
Armenia · Generation · 2012 onwards
Value from 2012 onwards
0.473kgCO₂e/kWh
Location-based · Fossil only · CO₂ only
FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂EN 15804 GWP-fossil- Region
- Armenia AM
- Boundary
- Generation
- Data quality
- MediumRated by us, not by the source
- Licence
- Open · IGES terms
Where 0.473 comes from
IGES prints this factor as a single figure, with no parts to add up.
Reporting this kilowatt-hour under the GHG Protocol
Scope 2 0.473
You buy the energy, so its generation is your Scope 2.
The factor, standardised
Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.
Electricity › Electricity by generation technology · Armenia · per kWh · Average
Generation · Location-based · Fossil only
- BoundaryGenerationCombustion at the generating plant for purchased energy carriers. Learn more
- Generation
- Calculation approachLocation-based uses the average grid mix where the electricity was consumed; market-based uses the supplier contract or the residual mix. The two can differ by an order of magnitude on the same kilowatt-hour, so they are never interchangeable. Learn more
- Location-based, marginal mix
- GWP methodWhich IPCC assessment report's warming potentials convert each gas to CO₂e, and over how many years the warming is counted (GWP100: 100 years). Learn more
- None: the value counts CO₂ alone
- CO₂ weighs 1 in every IPCC report, so no GWP applies
- CO₂e basisWhich carbon the CO₂e counts. Fossil only leaves out biogenic methane, land-use change and biogenic CO₂; excl. biogenic CO₂ counts biogenic methane but not the other two; net total counts every pool, net of removals. The same activity on two bases is two different numbers. Learn more
- Fossil onlyFossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂EN 15804 GWP-fossil
- All of it is CO₂
- Life cycle
- Upstream: not coveredProduction: coveredDownstream: not applicableEnd of life: not applicable
Medium quality · Open licence · 2009 to now
All values
4 values, one per year back to 2009. Every one is location-based, marginal mix, fossil only, so the years compare directly. Tap a bar.
2012 onwards0.473Default value
| AppliesYears | TotalkgCO₂e/kWh |
|---|---|
| 0.473Default value | |
| 0.456 | |
| 0.51 | |
| 0.671 |
- Default: what search and the API return when you ask for nothing specific
What this number covers
The path of one kilowatt-hour, from the fuel to your meter. Not every step on it is counted; what is left out is listed below.
Generation
Producing the electricity at the power plants that make up the mix
Included0.473Your meter
1 kWh used. The factor is per kWh measured here.
= 0.473
Outside this boundary
- Electricity lost on the network
- Producing and delivering the plants' fuel
- Building the power plants
IGES counts burning fuel at the plants, not producing and delivering that fuel or building the plants.
Gases
Basis: Fossil onlyFossil carbon only: biogenic CO₂, methane from biogenic sources and land-use change are left out. Learn moreFossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂EN 15804 GWP-fossil
- Fossil CO₂0.473
The CO₂e counts fossil carbon only; biogenic CO₂, biogenic methane and land-use carbon are left out.
From IGES's record to a comparable factor
IGES publishes this factor as one record. Here is each field as printed and what open-climate.ai made of it.
About this factor
From IGES
Where it applies
This standardized baseline is valid from 1 March 2021 until 18 February 2024. Two values of BM and CM were published for 2009, which came from using two approaches: without consideration and with consideration of Vorotan cascade of HPPsSource and licence
- Publisher
- Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
- Library
- IGES v11.7
- Published
- 6 March 2026
- Valid from
- 1 March 2021
- Valid until
- 18 February 2024
The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.
All copyrights are reserved. The source must be clearly stated when this database is reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. Copyright: Ministry of the Environment, Japan.
Cite this factor
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (2026). List of Grid Emission Factors, version 11.7. Available at: https://pub.iges.or.jp/pub/iges-list-grid-emission-factors. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/iges/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-iges-grid_electricity-am-kwh-generation-ec1e6f43/?v=efv1-b772abce5594d2025594650976ef3dd0
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