Electricity emission factors
Electricity supply: grid mixes, generation technologies, certified supply, distribution and trade. From 26 libraries, filed in one model so one publisher's factor compares with another's.
How the 4,712 factors divide
- Certified electricity supply
Contractual electricity supply: certificates, green tariffs, supplier and residual mixes.
2,041factors · 43%
7 libraries15 with their own page
- Electricity by generation technology
Electricity from a specific generation technology (wind, solar PV, hydro, coal, gas CCGT), including electricity from waste incineration.
1,771factors · 38%
11 libraries50 with their own page
- Grid-mix electricity
Grid-average electricity supply for a region (location-based mixes).
792factors · 17%
23 libraries43 with their own page
- Electricity distribution and trade
Electricity transmission, distribution and trade margins.
108factors · 2%
3 libraries4 with their own page
Source: open-climate.ai catalogue, version 591, coverage summed over libraries.
Who publishes these factors
Each cell counts one library's factors in one subcategory. Library names open the library's page; column heads open the subcategory's.
Japan MOE publishes the most of these factors (1,475), then Ember (1,321). The most widely published subcategory is Grid-mix electricity: 23 of 26 libraries have some.
| Library | Factors | Certified electricity supply | Electricity by generation technology | Grid-mix electricity | Electricity distribution and trade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan MOE | 1,475 | 1,472 | · | 3 | · |
| Ember | 1,321 | · | 1,103 | 218 | · |
| EXIOBASE | 551 | · | 453 | · | 98 |
| MITECO | 534 | 534 | · | · | · |
| ADEME | 191 | · | 11 | 180 | · |
| eGRID | 159 | · | 131 | 28 | · |
| Open CEDA | 149 | · | · | 149 | · |
| ECCC | 55 | · | · | 55 | · |
| AIB | 35 | · | · | 35 | · |
| UBA (DE) | 30 | · | 26 | 4 | · |
Show all 26 librariesShow fewer
Source: open-climate.ai catalogue, version 591, coverage summed over libraries.
Other factor pages
Factor pages that state no subcategory, or whose subcategory has only a few pages.
| Activity | Library | Region | Boundary | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distribution and trade services of electricity | EXIOBASE | Germany | Cradle to gate | 0.6 kgCO₂e/EUR | 2019 |
| Transmission services of electricity | EXIOBASE | Rest of World: Middle East (EXIOBASE) | Cradle to gate | 1.28 kgCO₂e/EUR | 2019 |
| Italy electricity and heat emission factor - transmission and distribution losses | ISPRA | Italy | Transmission and distribution losses | 0.182 kgCO₂e/kWh | 2025 |
| Grid electricity - Network operator (transmission and distribution) | NGA | South Australia | Upstream fuel | 0.01 kgCO₂e/kWh | 2025 |
Other categories
- Materials28,878
- Manufactured goods23,094
- Services22,003
- Food and agriculture11,956
- Fuels5,342
- Transport4,352
- Buildings and infrastructure1,845
- Waste treatment1,816
- Direct emissions1,086
- Heat and cooling1,006
- Land use and removals220
- Water217
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