Name: Grid electricity - Dallas, us-south1
Creator: open-climate.ai
License: https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/region-carbon-info/blob/main/LICENSE

Value from 2024 onwards

0.00229kgCO₂e/kWh

Location-based · Consumption mix · Fossil only · GWP100 · AR5

FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂EN 15804 GWP-fossil

2024–

Default: the latest year−5.7% on 2023

Estimated By open-climate.ai, not published by Google Cloud

Region: United States US
Boundary: Upstream of transmission and distribution losses
Data quality: LowEstimated from a model of the region
Licence: Open · Google Cloud terms

Where 0.00229 comes from

Estimated by open-climate.ai

Google Cloud does not publish this value. open-climate.ai estimated it from Google Cloud's published figures and a regional model.

How it was estimated

Reporting this kilowatt-hour under the GHG Protocol

Scope 3, category 3 0.00229

The fuel behind the energy lost on the way to you is Scope 3, category 3.

CiteAPI

The factor, standardised

Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.

Electricity › Grid electricity · United States · per kWh · Average

Category: Electricity › Grid electricity; Browse it to compare every publisher's factors
Activity: Grid electricity - Dallas, us-south1
Region: United StatesUS
Per unit: kWh; Converted from the publisher's unit, multiplied by 0.001
Data type: Average; No supplier named

Upstream of transmission and distribution losses · Location-based · Fossil only · AR5

Boundary: Upstream of transmission and distribution losses; Fuel supply
Calculation approach: Location-based, consumption mix
GWP method: IPCC AR5, 100-year horizon; Not on the record; set from Google Cloud's method notes
CO₂e basis: Fossil onlyFossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂EN 15804 GWP-fossil; Not split by gas; CO₂e only
Life cycle: Upstream: coveredProduction: not coveredDownstream: not applicableEnd of life: not applicable

Low quality · Open licence · 2021 to now

Data quality: Low; Estimated from a model of the region
Applies to: 2024– (2024 onwards); Reference year 2024 · a value for every year back to 2021
Origin: Estimated by open-climate.ai from other published figures
Licence: Open · Google Cloud's terms of use; Free to reuse, with attribution

All values

4 values: 4 methods over 4 periods back to 2021. Tap a bar.

2024 onwards · 0.940.00229Default valueEstimated

Every value of Grid electricity - Dallas, us-south1, United States
AppliesYears	0.94Default value	0.79	0.41	0.40
2024–
2023
2022
–2021

Default: what search and the API return when you ask for nothing specific
EstimatedComputed from other figures

What this number covers

The path of one kilowatt-hour, from the fuel to your meter. This factor counts one leg of it: producing and delivering the fuel burned for the electricity lost on the network.

Fuel supply
Extracting, processing and transporting the fuel burned for the electricity lost on the network
Included0.00229
Network losses
The share of electricity lost between the plant and your meter sets how much fuel this counts
Sets the share counted
Your meter
1 kWh used. The factor is per kWh measured here.
= 0.00229

Outside this boundary

Burning fuel at the plants
Building the power plants

This figure counts only producing and delivering the fuel for the lost electricity, not burning it or building the plants.

From Google Cloud's inputs to a comparable factor

Google Cloud publishes the inputs; open-climate.ai estimated this value from them, so no printed record stands beside it.

Checks this factor passed

One value per year from 2021, no gaps, no overlaps.
Unit, region, boundary and method mapped to fixed code lists.

How we standardise every library

Same categoryGrid electricity - Oregon, us-west1, generation · United States · Google Cloud0.0792 kgCO₂e/kWh
Same categoryGrid electricity - Stockholm, europe-north2, generation · Sweden · Google Cloud0.00273 kgCO₂e/kWh
Same categoryGrid electricity - Melbourne, australia-southeast2, generation · Google Cloud0.454 kgCO₂e/kWh
Same categoryGrid electricity - Hong Kong, asia-east2, generation · Google Cloud0.505 kgCO₂e/kWh
Same categoryGrid electricity - Warsaw, europe-central2, upstream fuel · Poland · Google Cloud0.116 kgCO₂e/kWh
Every grid electricity factor, all libraries

About this factor

Note from open-climate.ai

Added by open-climate.ai based on Google Cloud's data. Google Cloud publishes the emissions of generating electricity in United States but not the well-to-tank emissions of the fuel behind the electricity lost in transmission and distribution; this factor estimates them. Method: Google Cloud's location-based generation factor for 2024 (0.30295 kg CO₂e/kWh, consumption mix) carries a fuel chain of 0.0521743 kg CO₂e/kWh, multiplied by L / (1 - L), where L is the share of electricity entering the grid that is lost before it reaches users: 4.2 % in 2023, from eGRID grid gross loss rates. The fuel chain: for each fossil fuel, the ratio of its well-to-tank emissions to its combustion emissions, from the UK Government GHG conversion factors (natural gas 0.166, coal 0.175, fuel oil 0.221), weighted by that fuel's share of the grid's fossil emissions in 2024 (Ember yearly electricity data), gives 0.169743; the location-based value is multiplied by it. The supply chain of biomass power adds 1.06 % of generation x 0.071 kg CO₂e/kWh (co2emissiefactoren.nl). Under the GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance (Appendix B), losses are reported with the location-based factor, so every market-based value of this factor, a green contract included, carries the same value. Assumptions: the lost electricity has the average emission intensity of the grid; the loss share of 2023 stands for 2024; UK supply chains stand in for every country's fuel supply; every market-based mix is assumed to burn fossil fuels in the grid's proportions and to hold the grid's biomass share; nuclear fuel and the construction of plants are not included. Quality: capped at low, the lower of the two legs (the loss share is a statistic for the whole interconnection, not a measurement of this factor; the fuel-chain leg is modelled from the generation mix, not published; the method's calibration error is 86.2 %). Sources: Google Cloud (apache-2.0); eGRID grid gross loss rates (US Government work, public domain); UK Government GHG conversion factors (Open Government Licence v3.0); Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0, fuel shares recomputed as shares of fossil emissions); co2emissiefactoren.nl (co2emissiefactoren.nl terms of use). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Not published or endorsed by Google Cloud, eGRID, the UK Government, Ember or co2emissiefactoren.nl. Every value of this factor follows the same method with the inputs of its own year.

Source and licence

Value: Estimated by open-climate.ai from this source
Publisher: Google LLC
Library: Google Cloud
Published: 3 December 2025

See the source data at Google Cloud

Google Cloud's terms of use Open

The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.

Credit it with this lineGoogle Cloud region carbon data (GoogleCloudPlatform/region-carbon-info), Apache License 2.0. Grid carbon intensity derived by Google from hourly grid mix data by Electricity Maps. Not assured.

A plain reading of the licence, not legal advice. The licence text prevails.

Cite this factor

Google Cloud region carbon data (GoogleCloudPlatform/region-carbon-info), Apache License 2.0. Grid carbon intensity derived by Google from hourly grid mix data by Electricity Maps. Not assured. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/google/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-google-grid_electricity_dallas-us-kwh-transmission_distributio-c5e3e73b/?v=efv1-eddd90a75296e3aa5f75fc0c28c398c1

Something looks wrong?

Tell us which value and why. We check it against the source and answer within a week.

Value from 2024 onwards

Where 0.00229 comes from

Reporting this kilowatt-hour under the GHG Protocol

The factor, standardised

What it measures

What it covers

How far to trust it

All values

What this number covers

Fuel supply

Network losses

Your meter