Name: Grid electricity - Warsaw, europe-central2
Creator: open-climate.ai
License: https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/region-carbon-info/blob/main/LICENSE

Value from 2024 onwards

0.116kgCO₂e/kWh

Location-based · Consumption mix · Fossil only · GWP100 · AR5

FossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂EN 15804 GWP-fossil

2024–

Default: the latest year−11% on 2023

Estimated By open-climate.ai, not published by Google Cloud

Region: Poland PL
Boundary: Upstream fuel
Data quality: LowEstimated from a model of the region
Licence: Open · Google Cloud terms

Where 0.116 comes from

Estimated by open-climate.ai

Google Cloud does not publish this value. open-climate.ai estimated it from Google Cloud's published figures and a regional model.

How it was estimated

Reporting this kilowatt-hour under the GHG Protocol

Scope 3, category 3 0.116

Extracting, refining and delivering the fuel behind it happens upstream: Scope 3, category 3.

CiteAPI

The factor, standardised

Every factor on open-climate.ai answers the same questions in the same words, whatever the publisher. Open any ⓘ for the definition.

Electricity › Grid electricity · Poland · per kWh · Average

Category: Electricity › Grid electricity; Browse it to compare every publisher's factors
Activity: Grid electricity - Warsaw, europe-central2
Region: PolandPL
Per unit: kWh; Converted from the publisher's unit, multiplied by 0.001
Data type: Average; No supplier named

Upstream fuel · Location-based · Fossil only · AR5

Boundary: Upstream fuel; Fuel supply
Calculation approach: Location-based, consumption mix
GWP method: IPCC AR5, 100-year horizon; Not on the record; set from Google Cloud's method notes
CO₂e basis: Fossil onlyFossilBio CH₄Land useBio CO₂EN 15804 GWP-fossil; Not split by gas; CO₂e only
Life cycle: Upstream: coveredProduction: not coveredDownstream: not applicableEnd of life: not applicable

Low quality · Open licence · 2021 to now

Data quality: Low; Estimated from a model of the region
Applies to: 2024– (2024 onwards); Reference year 2024 · a value for every year back to 2021
Origin: Estimated by open-climate.ai from other published figures
Licence: Open · Google Cloud's terms of use; Free to reuse, with attribution

All values

4 values: 4 methods over 4 periods back to 2021. Tap a bar.

2024 onwards · 0.400.116Default valueEstimated

Every value of Grid electricity - Warsaw, europe-central2, Poland
AppliesYears	0.40Default value	0.31	0.24	0.20
2024–
2023
2022
–2021

Default: what search and the API return when you ask for nothing specific
EstimatedComputed from other figures

What this number covers

The path of one kilowatt-hour, from the fuel to your meter. Not every step on it is counted; what is left out is listed below.

Fuel supply
Extracting, processing and transporting the fuel the plants burn
Included0.116
Your meter
1 kWh used. The factor is per kWh measured here.
= 0.116

Outside this boundary

Burning fuel at the plants
Purchased electricity and heat
Building the power plants
Building the grid

open-climate.ai counts running the plants, not building them.

From Google Cloud's inputs to a comparable factor

Google Cloud publishes the inputs; open-climate.ai estimated this value from them, so no printed record stands beside it.

Checks this factor passed

One value per year from 2021, no gaps, no overlaps.
Unit, region, boundary and method mapped to fixed code lists.

How we standardise every library

Same categoryGrid electricity - Dallas, us-south1, upstream of transmission and distribution losses · United States · Google Cloud0.00229 kgCO₂e/kWh
Same categoryGrid electricity - Stockholm, europe-north2, generation · Sweden · Google Cloud0.00273 kgCO₂e/kWh
Same categoryGrid electricity - Melbourne, australia-southeast2, generation · Google Cloud0.454 kgCO₂e/kWh
Same categoryGrid electricity - Hong Kong, asia-east2, generation · Google Cloud0.505 kgCO₂e/kWh
Same categoryGrid electricity - Oregon, us-west1, generation · United States · Google Cloud0.0792 kgCO₂e/kWh
Every grid electricity factor, all libraries

About this factor

Note from open-climate.ai

Added by open-climate.ai based on Google Cloud's data. Google Cloud publishes the emissions of burning fuel in the power stations of Poland but not the emissions of producing and transporting that fuel (well-to-tank); this factor estimates them. Method: for each fossil fuel, the ratio of its well-to-tank emissions to its combustion emissions, from the UK Government GHG conversion factors (natural gas 0.166, coal 0.175, fuel oil 0.221), weighted by that fuel's share of the grid's fossil emissions in 2024 (Ember yearly electricity data), gives 0.175177; the generation value is multiplied by it. The supply chain of biomass power adds 4.62 % of generation x 0.071 kg CO₂e/kWh (co2emissiefactoren.nl). For a green contract, only the biomass share of renewable generation (14.84 %) carries that supply chain. Assumptions: UK supply chains stand in for every country's fuel supply; every market-based mix is assumed to burn fossil fuels in the grid's proportions and to hold the grid's biomass share; nuclear fuel and the construction of plants are not included. Quality: capped at low because the fuel-chain leg is modelled from the generation mix, not published; the method's calibration error is 77.2 %. Sources: Google Cloud (apache-2.0); UK Government GHG conversion factors (Open Government Licence v3.0); Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0, fuel shares recomputed as shares of fossil emissions); co2emissiefactoren.nl (co2emissiefactoren.nl terms of use). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Not published or endorsed by Google Cloud, the UK Government, Ember or co2emissiefactoren.nl. Every value of this factor follows the same method with the inputs of its own year.

Source and licence

Value: Estimated by open-climate.ai from this source
Publisher: Google LLC
Library: Google Cloud
Published: 3 December 2025

See the source data at Google Cloud

Google Cloud's terms of use Open

The values and their metadata are served in full and may be reused with credit to the publisher.

Credit it with this lineGoogle Cloud region carbon data (GoogleCloudPlatform/region-carbon-info), Apache License 2.0. Grid carbon intensity derived by Google from hourly grid mix data by Electricity Maps. Not assured.

A plain reading of the licence, not legal advice. The licence text prevails.

Cite this factor

Google Cloud region carbon data (GoogleCloudPlatform/region-carbon-info), Apache License 2.0. Grid carbon intensity derived by Google from hourly grid mix data by Electricity Maps. Not assured. Normalised by open-climate.ai, https://open-climate.ai/factors/libraries/google/ (CC BY 4.0). https://open-climate.ai/factors/ef-google-grid_electricity_warsaw-pl-kwh-upstream_fuel-728166b9/?v=efv1-e5bde7577361a4e771f62eb496472f5f

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Value from 2024 onwards

Where 0.116 comes from

Reporting this kilowatt-hour under the GHG Protocol

The factor, standardised

What it measures

What it covers

How far to trust it